Social Action Theory

Question 1

What is social action theory?

Answer 1

Created by Max Weber, the theory argues that individuals shape society through their actions, the theory categorises these actions into 4 types: traditional, affective, rational instrumental and rational value orientated.

Question 2

What is traditional?

Answer 2

Behaviour based on custom habits rather than conscious thought.
For example, celebrating religious festivals, and following family traditions.

Question 3

What is affective?

Answer 3

Behaviour driven be emotions, feelings or passions rather than logic or rational thought.
For example, crying at a funeral, cheering for a favourite sports team out of loyalty.

Question 4

What is rational instrumental?

Answer 4

Behaviour that is goal-orientated and based on logical calculations in order to achieve the most affective outcome.
Examples, a student choosing to study for longer periods of time to attain good grades for university admissions

Question 5

What is rational value orientated?

Answer 5

Behaviours guided by deeply held values, ethics or beliefs even if it does not bring material benefits.
Examples, a monk dedicating his life to prayer, workers going on strike for any myriad of causes.