Ethnicity - how can patterns/trends in ethnic inequality & difference be explained? Flashcards
What is ethnic inequality?
Ethnic inequality refers to the disparities in access to resources and opportunities based on ethnicity.
True or False: Ethnic differences only arise from cultural factors.
False
What are two key factors that contribute to ethnic inequality?
Socioeconomic status and systemic discrimination.
Fill in the blank: _______ theory suggests that ethnic minorities may face barriers due to their social class.
Marxist
Which sociologist is known for the concept of ‘racial formation’?
Michael Omi and Howard Winant.
What does the term ‘institutional racism’ refer to?
The systemic policies and practices within institutions that disadvantage certain ethnic groups.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a consequence of ethnic inequality? A) Economic disadvantage B) Increased social cohesion C) Higher education attainment D) None of the above
A) Economic disadvantage
What role does education play in ethnic inequality?
Education can perpetuate or reduce ethnic inequality through access to quality schooling and resources.
True or False: Ethnic minorities always perform worse academically than their majority counterparts.
False
What is the ‘model minority’ myth?
The stereotype that certain ethnic groups, particularly Asians, are more successful than others, which can mask the struggles of individuals within those groups.
Fill in the blank: _______ theory emphasizes the importance of understanding how race and ethnicity are constructed through social processes.
Social constructionist
Which concept explains the idea that different ethnic groups can experience varying levels of privilege?
Intersectionality.
What is the impact of immigration on ethnic relations?
Immigration can lead to increased diversity but may also heighten tensions and competition for resources.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a factor in explaining ethnic inequality? A) Language barriers B) Cultural differences C) Genetic predisposition D) Discrimination
C) Genetic predisposition
What does the term ‘white privilege’ mean?
The unearned advantages that white individuals experience in society compared to individuals of other ethnic backgrounds.
True or False: Economic factors are the only explanation for ethnic inequality.
False
What is the significance of the ‘BAME’ acronym?
It stands for Black, Asian, and Minority Ethnic, used to categorize diverse ethnic groups in discussions of inequality.
Fill in the blank: _______ refers to the tendency of people to favor their own ethnic group over others.
In-group bias
Which sociological perspective focuses on the role of power and inequality in society?
Conflict theory.
What is the concept of ‘ethnic enclaves’?
Geographic areas where a particular ethnic group is concentrated, often providing social support but also potential economic limitations.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a common stereotype about ethnic minorities? A) They are all criminals B) They are all highly educated C) They are all poor D) None of the above
A) They are all criminals
What does the term ‘cultural assimilation’ mean?
The process whereby individuals from one ethnic group adopt the cultural norms of another group.
True or False: Ethnic inequality can be completely eradicated.
False
What role does media representation play in ethnic inequality?
Media representation can reinforce stereotypes and shape public perceptions of different ethnic groups.
Fill in the blank: _______ refers to the systematic oppression of a racial group to benefit another racial group.
Racism
What is the significance of the term ‘discrimination’ in the context of ethnic inequality?
Discrimination refers to unjust treatment of individuals based on their ethnicity, contributing to systemic inequality.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a positive outcome of ethnic diversity? A) Increased innovation B) Heightened conflict C) Economic stagnation D) None of the above
A) Increased innovation
What does the term ‘ethnic stratification’ mean?
The hierarchical arrangement of different ethnic groups within society based on access to resources and power.
True or False: All ethnic groups have the same experiences of inequality.
False
What is the relationship between socioeconomic status and ethnic inequality?
Socioeconomic status often intersects with ethnicity, affecting access to opportunities and resources.
