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* * * 1. NCE: MEDT, ANPH, PATH 1&2 > Skin | The Integumentary System > Flashcards

Skin | The Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

adip/o

A

fat

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2
Q

lip/o

A

fat

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3
Q

steat/o

A

fat

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4
Q

albin/o

A

white

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5
Q

caus/o

A

burn, burning

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6
Q

cauter/o

A

heat, burn

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7
Q

derm/o, dermat/o

A

skin

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8
Q

diaphor/o

A

profuse sweating

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9
Q

hidr/o, idr/o

A

sweat, perspiration

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10
Q

erythem/o, erythemat/o

A

redness

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11
Q

ichthy/o

A

dry, scaly (fish-like)

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12
Q

anthrac/o

A

black

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13
Q

chlor/o

A

green

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14
Q

cirrh/o

A

tawny yellow

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15
Q

cyan/o

A

blue

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16
Q

eosin/o

A

rosy

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17
Q

erythr/o

A

red

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18
Q

jaund/o

A

yellow

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19
Q

leuk/o

A

white

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20
Q

lute/o

A

yellow

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21
Q

melan/o

A

dark, black, melanin

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22
Q

poli/o

A

gray

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23
Q

xanth/o

A

yellow

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24
Q

kerat/o

A

hard

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25
Q

myc/o

A

fungus

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26
Q

onych/o

A

nail

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27
Q

ungu/o

A

nail

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28
Q

phyt/o

A

plant

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29
Q

pil/o

A

hair, hair follicle

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30
Q

trich/o

A

hair

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31
Q

py/o

A

pus

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32
Q

rhytid/o

A

wrinkle

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33
Q

seb/o

A

sebum, sebaceous gland

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34
Q

oily secretion from sebaceous glands

A

sebum

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35
Q

squam/o

A

scale-like

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36
Q

xer/o

A

dry

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37
Q

samples of skin are examined for presence of microorganisms

A

bacterial analysis

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38
Q

scrapings from skin lesions, hair specimens, or nail clippings are sent to a laboratory for culture and microscopic examination

A

fungal tests

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39
Q

use of subfreezing temperature achieved with liquid nitrogen application to destroy tissue

A

cryosurgery

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40
Q

use of a sharp dermal curette to scrape away a skin lesion

A

curettage

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41
Q

tissue destroyed by burning with an electric spark

A

electrodesiccation

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42
Q

thin layers of malignant tissue are removed, and each slice is examined under a microscope to check for adequate extent of the resection

A

Mohs surgery

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43
Q

suspected malignant skin lesions are removed and examined microscopically by a pathologist

A

skin biopsy

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44
Q

substances are injected intradermally or applied to the skin, and results are observed

A

skin test

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45
Q

abbreviation: bx

A

biopsy

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46
Q

abbreviation: Derm.

A

dermatology

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47
Q

abbreviation: DLE

A

discoid lupus erythematosus

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48
Q

SLE

A

systemic lupus serythematosus

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49
Q

SC

A

subcutaneous

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50
Q

UV

A

ultraviolet

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51
Q

3 main functions of the integumentary system

A
  1. protection
  2. temperature regulation
  3. sensory perception
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52
Q

what makes up the integumentary system?

A
  1. skin
  2. hair
  3. nails
  4. sudoriferous glands (sweat)
  5. sebaceous glands (oil)
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53
Q

2 types of sudoriferous sweat glands

A
  1. apocrine glands

2. eccrine glands

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54
Q

sudoriferous gland associated with hair follicles in the armpit and genital areas that become active during puberty

A

apocrine glands

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55
Q

sudoriferous glands not associated with hair follicles and functions throughout lifetime

A

eccrine glands

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56
Q

t or f. eccrine glands are found all over the body, especially the forehead, upper lip, palms and soles.

A

true

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57
Q

glands that secrete sebum and are associated with hair follicles

A

sebaceous glands

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58
Q

what are hair and nails made of?

A

keratin

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59
Q

abbreviation: BSA

A

body surface area

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60
Q

horny layer of the skin

A

keratin

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61
Q

the integumentary system protects against these 4 things

A
  1. infection
  2. dehydration
  3. ultraviolet radiation
  4. injury
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62
Q

the outermost portion of the skin that consists of 4 to 5 layers (strata) of epithelial cells

A

epidermis

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63
Q

the deepest layer produces new cells

A

stratum basale or basal layer

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64
Q

as basal layer cells gradually rise toward the surface, they die and become filled with ____, a protein that thickens and toughens the skin.

A

keratin

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65
Q 
the outermost (horny) layer of the epidermis that is composed of flat, dead, protective
cells that are constantly being shed and replaced
A

the stratum corneum

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66
Q

some of the cells in the epidermis produce ____, a pigment that gives color to the skin and protects against sunlight

A

melanin

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67
Q

beneath the epidermis and composed of connective tissue, nerves, blood vessels, and lymphatics

A

dermis

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68
Q

T or F. the dermis supplies support and nourishment for the skin

A

t

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69
Q

T or F. the dermis supplies support and nourishment for the skin

A

t

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70
Q

beneath the dermis and is composed mainly of connective tissue and fat

A

subcutaneous tissue

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71
Q

sudoriferous (sweat) glands act mainly in ______ by releasing a watery fluid that evaporates to ___ the body

A

temperature regulation; cool

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72
Q

the sebaceous glands release an oily fluid, sebum, that _____ the hair and skin and prevents drying.

A

lubricates

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73
Q

hair develops within a sheath or _____ and grows from

its base within the deep layers of the skin

A

hair follicle

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74
Q

each nail develops from a growing region at its proximal end

A

proximal end

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75
Q

accessory organs in the integumentary system

A

hair, nails, glands, skin layers, dermis, epidermis, subcutaneous layer

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76
Q

common skin condition symptoms?

A
  1. cutaneous lesions/eruptions
  2. pruritis (itching)
  3. pain
  4. edema (swelling)
  5. erythema (redness)
  6. inflammation
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77
Q

flat, discolored spot that may be hypopigmented, hyperpigmented or red (erythematous and purpuric)

A

macule

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78
Q

plateau-like elevated lesion greater than 1/2 cm in diameter

A

plaque

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79
Q

a nodule filled with either liquid or semisolid material under the skin; deep

A

cyst

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80
Q

vesicle containing purulent or cloudy fluid; raised on skin

A

pustule

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81
Q

thickened areas of skin that is dry and whitish colored

A

scale

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82
Q

tunnel or streak caused by a burrowing organism

A

burrow

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83
Q

most common organism that burrows

A

scabies

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84
Q

small elevated lesion less than 1/2 cm in depth and diameter

A

papule

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85
Q

blisters containing clear fluid less than 0.5 cm in diameter

A

vesicles

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86
Q

blisters containing clear fluid greater than 0.5 cm in diameter

A

bulla(e)

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87
Q

marblelike lesion greater than 0.5 cm in depth and diameter

A

nodule

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88
Q

Liquid debris dried on the skin’s surface, resulting from ruptured vesicles, pustules, or bullae

A

crust

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89
Q

a thin tear

A

fissure

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90
Q

a lesion of acne

A

comedo

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91
Q

tear that involves the epidermis and dermis

A

ulcer

92
Q

a wide but shallow fissure

A

erosion

93
Q

inflammatory condition of the sebacious (oil) glands

A

seborrheic dermatitis

94
Q

seborrheic dermatitis is called ____ in infants

A

cradle cap

95
Q

cause of seborrheic dermatitis

A

idiopathic though heredity and emotional stress may be precipitating factors

96
Q

seborrheic dermatitis treatment

A

low strength cortisone/hydrocortisone cream

97
Q

acute inflammation response of the skin triggered by an exogenous chemical or substance

A

contact dermatitis

98
Q

cause of contact dermatitis

A

many possible causes (poison plants, dyes, latex, preservatives, detergents, etc.)

99
Q

treatment of contact dermatitis

A

cleansing the skin and corticosteroid creams; some cases may require oral steroids

100
Q

chronic inflammation of the skin that tends to occur in patients with a family history of allergic conditions

A

eczema

101
Q

cause: eczema

A

is idiopathic but there is an inherited tendency and an allergic connection is assumed

102
Q

treatment: eczema

A

cortisone ointments and antibiotics if a secondary infection develops from scratching

103
Q

severe itching followed by the appearance of redness and an area swelling in a localized area of skin

A

urticaria or hives

104
Q

cause: urticaria

A

acute hypersensitivity and the release of histamine; can sometimes be idiopathic; other factors (sunlight, heat, cold, etc)

105
Q

treatment: urticaria

A

remove the antigenic factor (if known) and manage with antihistamines and epinephrine for severe cases

106
Q

chronic skin condition/systemic disease marked by thick, flaky, red patches of various sizes, covered with characteristic white, silvery scales

A

psoriasis

107
Q

cause: psoriasis

A

unknown; seems to be genetically determined; may be autoimmune

108
Q

treatment: psoriasis

A

UV light, steroid creams, coal tar preparations, retinoid creams, chemotherapy and drug treatment when serious

109
Q

chronic inflammatory disorder of the facial skin, causing redness, primarily in the areas where individuals blush or flush

A

rosacea

110
Q

cause: rosacea

A

unknown; possible correlation with the frequency of one’s blushing; may be inherited

111
Q

treatment: rosacea

A

creams and lifestyle changes to avoid triggers that cause blushing

112
Q

inflammatory disease of the sebaceous glands and hair follicles

A

acne vulgaris

113
Q

cause: acne vulgaris

A

unknown; linked to hormonal changes in adoloscence

114
Q

t or f. Food causes acne.

A

false

115
Q

other precipitating factors that cause acne?

A

hormonal changes, heredity, dirt, bacteria

116
Q

treatment: acne

A

topical and/or systemic antibiotics and tretinoin creams, and accutane (isotretinoin) can be prescribed in severe cases (with caution)

117
Q

benign growths originating in the epidermis

A

seborrheic keratosis

118
Q

clinically appear as tan-brown, greasy papules or plaques that look to be pasted onto the skin

A

seborrheic keratosis

119
Q

cause: seborrheic keratosis

A

idiopathic

120
Q

treatment: seborrheic keratosis

A

cryosurgery and curettage

121
Q

benign, asymptomatic growths that can be found anywhere on the body

A

dermatofibroma

122
Q

cause: dermatofibroma

A

fibrous reactions to viral infections, insect bites, and trauma

123
Q

treatment: dermatofibroma

A

surgical excision if symptomatic

124
Q

benign epithelial growth that appears as a smooth, red, dome-shaped papule with a central crust that usually appears singly, but may occur in multiple numbers

A

keratoacanthoma

125
Q

cause: keratoacanthoma

A

virus

126
Q

treatment: keratoacanthoma

A

surgical excision, topical adrenocorticosteroids, and/or oral isotretinoin and etretinate for multiple lesions

127
Q

overgrowth of skin that occurs secondary to trauma or surgery

A

keloids and hypertrophic scars

128
Q

cause: keloids and hypertrophic scars

A

trauma, surgery

129
Q

treatment: keloids and hypertrophic scars

A

corticosteroid injections and possibly excision

130
Q

develops when a sebaceous gland slowly fills with a thick fluid

A

epidermal sebaceous cyst

131
Q

cause: epidermal sebaceous cyst

A

blockage, sometimes with infection, of a sebaceous gland

132
Q

treatment: epidermal sebaceous cyst

A

surgical excision

133
Q

common benign skin growths or tags

A

acrochordon (skin tag)

134
Q

cause: acrochordon (skin tag)

A

friction

135
Q

treatment: acrochordon (skin tag)

A

surgical excision or chemical removal (freezing/burning)

136
Q

common premalignant lesions found on sun-exposed areas of the body

A

actinic keratosis

137
Q

cause: actinic keratosis

A

long-term exposure to the ultraviolet portion of sunlight

138
Q

treatment: actinic keratosis

A

topical tretinoin, possibly in combination with fluorouracil or desiccation and curettage

139
Q

2 common non-melanoma skin cancers

A

BCC and SCC

140
Q

abbreviation: basal cell carcinoma

A

BCC

141
Q

abbreviation: squamous cell carcinoma

A

SCC

142
Q

BCC vs SCC

A

SCC has hyperkeratosis

143
Q

T or F. Non-melanoma skin cancers rarely metastasize.

A

t

144
Q

cause: non-melanoma skin cancers

A

sun exposure, radiation treatment, immunosuppression, chronic exposure to arsenic
Actinic keratosis or chronically inflamed skin from scar tissue and burns (SCC), smoking

145
Q

treatment: non-melanoma skin cancers

A

conventional or MOHS surgery, cryosurgery, electrodessication and curettage, drug therapy

146
Q

ABCs of malignant melanoma

A

asymmetry, border, color, diameter, evolving

147
Q

rare, inherited condition in which the melanocytes are unable to produce melanin

A

albinism

148
Q

cause: albinism

A

-

149
Q

treatment: albinism

A

-

150
Q

pale, irregular patches of skin, often evenly located on one side of the body

A

vitiligo

151
Q

cause: vitiligo

A

possibly autoimmune; often follows a stressful incident

152
Q

treatment: vitiligo

A

cosmetics to cover the affected skin area, non-prescription de-pigmenting creams for dark areas, UV light treatment for lightened areas

153
Q

patches of dark skin that develop on the face, especially over the cheeks

A

melasma or chloasma

154
Q

cause: melasma

A

hormonal changes in pregnancy or with oral contraceptive use in some women

155
Q

treatment: melasma

A

-

156
Q

benign lesions of proliferating blood vessels in the dermis that produce a red, blue, or purple colour

A

hemangioma

157
Q

cause: hemangioma

A

-

158
Q

treatment: hemangioma

A

-

159
Q

small dark areas of skin composed of dense collections of melanocytes

A

moles or nevi

160
Q

cause: moles

A

melanocytes that grow in a cluster instead of spreading throughout the skin

161
Q

treatment: moles

A

-

162
Q

fungal infection that causes patches of flaky, light, or dark skin to develop on the trunk

A

pityriasis

163
Q

cause: pityriasis

A

-

164
Q

treatment: pityriasis

A

antifungal medications (oral and/or creams)

165
Q

unspecified adverse effect resulting from a drug, medicinal, or biologic substance that was properly administered

A

abnormal suntan

166
Q

loss or absence of hair, especially on the scalp

A

alopecia

167
Q

male pattern baldness

A

androgenetic alopecia

168
Q

loss of hair in oval patches

A

alopecia areata

169
Q

cause: alopecia

A

-

170
Q

treatment: alopecia

A

Rogaine (minoxidil) and Propecia (finasteride)

171
Q

inflammatory reaction of the hair follicle that produces erythemic, pustular lesions

A

folliculitis

172
Q

cause: folliculitis

A

staphylococcus aureus

173
Q

treatment: folliculitis

A

topical antiseptic cleanser (Betadine) and systemic antibiotics

174
Q

common, localized hyperplastic areas of the stratum corneum layer of the epidermis

A

corns and calluses

175
Q

cause: corns and calluses

A

-

176
Q

treatment: corns and calluses

A

-

177
Q

corns vs calluses

A

corns: glassy core, smaller, more painful
calluses: larger and develop on pressure points

178
Q

elevated growths of the epidermis that result from hyperplasia

A

verrucae or warts

179
Q

cause: verrucae or warts

A

viruses

180
Q

treatment: verrucae or warts

A

chemical treatment (burning or freezing), surgican excision, cryotherapy, electrodessication

181
Q

nails with unusual thickening, shape, or color that deviates from normal

A

deformed or discolored nails

182
Q

cause: deformed or discolored nails

A

-

183
Q

treatment: deformed or discolored nails

A

-

184
Q

infection of the skin around a nail

A

paronychia

185
Q

cause: paronychia

A

bacterial/fungal infection

186
Q

treatment: paronychia

A

antibiotics or antifungals

187
Q

paronychia: a blister of pus beside the nail that forms if the nail fold is affected

A

whitlow

188
Q

acute inflammatory dermatomal eruption of extremely painful vesicles

A

herpes zoster, shingles

189
Q

cause: shingles

A

herpes varicella-zoster virus (VZV) or chickenpox in childhood

190
Q

shingles: VZV lies dormat in the ______ and reactivates, often by stress event

A

dorsal root ganglia

191
Q

treatment: shingles

A

acyclovir (Zovirax) antivial

192
Q

T or F. There is now a vaccine for shingles prevention.

A

t

193
Q

common, contagious, superficial skin infection typically on face: pus, yellow crusty sores

A

impetigo

194
Q

impetigo that presents as a blister

A

bullous

195
Q

impetigo that presents as a rash

A

non-bullous

196
Q

cause: impetigo

A

streptococcus or staphylococcus aureus bacteria

197
Q

treatment: impetigo

A

systemic pills/IV that goes through the whole body, topical antibiotics, proper cleaning, and prevention of spreading

198
Q

large pus containing lesion that has been infected. The pus containing abscess involves the entire hair follicle and adjacent subcutaneous tissue

A

furuncle (boil)

199
Q

unusually large furuncle or a group of furuncles connected by drainage canals; multiple drainage points

A

carbuncle

200
Q

cause: furuncles and carbuncles

A

bacterial infection, usually staphylococcus aureus

201
Q

treatment: furuncles and carbuncles

A

hot compresses, surgical I&D in some cases, Keflex (cephalexin) or dicloxacillin antibiotic treatments

202
Q

acute, diffuse, bacterial infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue that causes skin to look red and swollen underneath skin – typically no rash associated

A

cellulitis

203
Q

cause: cellulitis

A

streptococcus or staph bacteria entering the skin surface via small cut or lesion

204
Q

key diagnostic symptom for cellulitis

A

pitting edema - leaves indent from fingerprint

205
Q

treatment: cellulitis

A

systemic antibiotics; may require IV drug therapy or hospitalization if severe

206
Q

chronic superficial fungal infection of the skin

A

dermatophytoses (tinea)

207
Q

cause: tinea

A

several species of fungi that can invade the skin or nails

208
Q

treatment: tinea

A

topical and/or oral antifungal medications

209
Q

type of tinea that affects the foot; also called athlete’s foot

A

tinea pedis

210
Q

type of tinea that affects the nail

A

tinea unguium

211
Q

type of tinea that affects anywhere on the body

A

tinea corporis

212
Q

type of tinea that affects the scalp and can cause hair loss

A

tinea capitis

213
Q

type of tinea that affects the crotch; also called jock itch

A

tinea cruris

214
Q

localized area of dead skin that can affect the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layer and in some cases affect muscle and bones

A

decubitus ulcers (pressure/bed sores)

215
Q

cause: decubitus ulcers

A

impairment or lack of blood supply to the affected area of skin; constant pressure against surface of skin

216
Q

treatment: decubitus ulcers

A

prevention easier than treatment; body position changes every 2 hours, special pads or mattresses to alleviate pressure on bony prominences

217
Q

2 most common parasitic insects to infect humans

A

scabies and pediculosis (lice)

218
Q

cause: scabies

A

sarcoptes scabiei itch mite

219
Q

cause: head lice

A

pediculus humanus capitis

220
Q

cause: body lice

A

pediculus humanus corporis

221
Q

cause: public lice or crabs

A

Phthirus pubis

222
Q

seborrheic dermatitis may be perpetuated or intensified by the yeastlike organism ____ which is normally found on the skin in small numbers

A

Pityrosporum

223
Q

contact dermatitis can develop in 3 ways

A
  1. irritation
  2. sensitization
  3. photoallergy
224
Q

diagnostic test for contact dermatitis

A

patch test

225
Q

t or f. hives can develop in the pharyngeal mucosa, obstructing airway and causing asphyxiation

A

t

226
Q

when swelling involves deeper tissues in urticaria

A

angioedema

* * * 1. NCE: MEDT, ANPH, PATH 1&2 (28 decks)

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