Skin | The Integumentary System Flashcards
1
Q
adip/o
A
fat
2
Q
lip/o
A
fat
3
Q
steat/o
A
fat
4
Q
albin/o
A
white
5
Q
caus/o
A
burn, burning
6
Q
cauter/o
A
heat, burn
7
Q
derm/o, dermat/o
A
skin
8
Q
diaphor/o
A
profuse sweating
9
Q
hidr/o, idr/o
A
sweat, perspiration
10
Q
erythem/o, erythemat/o
A
redness
11
Q
ichthy/o
A
dry, scaly (fish-like)
12
Q
anthrac/o
A
black
13
Q
chlor/o
A
green
14
Q
cirrh/o
A
tawny yellow
15
Q
cyan/o
A
blue
16
Q
eosin/o
A
rosy
17
Q
erythr/o
A
red
18
Q
jaund/o
A
yellow
19
Q
leuk/o
A
white
20
Q
lute/o
A
yellow
21
Q
melan/o
A
dark, black, melanin
22
Q
poli/o
A
gray
23
Q
xanth/o
A
yellow
24
Q
kerat/o
A
hard
25
myc/o
fungus
26
onych/o
nail
27
ungu/o
nail
28
phyt/o
plant
29
pil/o
hair, hair follicle
30
trich/o
hair
31
py/o
pus
32
rhytid/o
wrinkle
33
seb/o
sebum, sebaceous gland
34
oily secretion from sebaceous glands
sebum
35
squam/o
scale-like
36
xer/o
dry
37
samples of skin are examined for presence of microorganisms
bacterial analysis
38
scrapings from skin lesions, hair specimens, or nail clippings are sent to a laboratory for culture and microscopic examination
fungal tests
39
use of subfreezing temperature achieved with liquid nitrogen application to destroy tissue
cryosurgery
40
use of a sharp dermal curette to scrape away a skin lesion
curettage
41
tissue destroyed by burning with an electric spark
electrodesiccation
42
thin layers of malignant tissue are removed, and each slice is examined under a microscope to check for adequate extent of the resection
Mohs surgery
43
suspected malignant skin lesions are removed and examined microscopically by a pathologist
skin biopsy
44
substances are injected intradermally or applied to the skin, and results are observed
skin test
45
abbreviation: bx
biopsy
46
abbreviation: Derm.
dermatology
47
abbreviation: DLE
discoid lupus erythematosus
48
SLE
systemic lupus serythematosus
49
SC
subcutaneous
50
UV
ultraviolet
51
3 main functions of the integumentary system
1. protection
2. temperature regulation
3. sensory perception
52
what makes up the integumentary system?
1. skin
2. hair
3. nails
4. sudoriferous glands (sweat)
5. sebaceous glands (oil)
53
2 types of sudoriferous sweat glands
1. apocrine glands
| 2. eccrine glands
54
sudoriferous gland associated with hair follicles in the armpit and genital areas that become active during puberty
apocrine glands
55
sudoriferous glands not associated with hair follicles and functions throughout lifetime
eccrine glands
56
t or f. eccrine glands are found all over the body, especially the forehead, upper lip, palms and soles.
true
57
glands that secrete sebum and are associated with hair follicles
sebaceous glands
58
what are hair and nails made of?
keratin
59
abbreviation: BSA
body surface area
60
horny layer of the skin
keratin
61
the integumentary system protects against these 4 things
1. infection
2. dehydration
3. ultraviolet radiation
4. injury
62
the outermost portion of the skin that consists of 4 to 5 layers (strata) of epithelial cells
epidermis
63
the deepest layer produces new cells
stratum basale or basal layer
64
as basal layer cells gradually rise toward the surface, they die and become filled with ____, a protein that thickens and toughens the skin.
keratin
65
```
the outermost (horny) layer of the epidermis that is composed of flat, dead, protective
cells that are constantly being shed and replaced
```
the stratum corneum
66
some of the cells in the epidermis produce ____, a pigment that gives color to the skin and protects against sunlight
melanin
67
beneath the epidermis and composed of connective tissue, nerves, blood vessels, and lymphatics
dermis
68
T or F. the dermis supplies support and nourishment for the skin
t
69
T or F. the dermis supplies support and nourishment for the skin
t
70
beneath the dermis and is composed mainly of connective tissue and fat
subcutaneous tissue
71
sudoriferous (sweat) glands act mainly in ______ by releasing a watery fluid that evaporates to ___ the body
temperature regulation; cool
72
the sebaceous glands release an oily fluid, sebum, that _____ the hair and skin and prevents drying.
lubricates
73
hair develops within a sheath or _____ and grows from
| its base within the deep layers of the skin
hair follicle
74
each nail develops from a growing region at its proximal end
proximal end
75
accessory organs in the integumentary system
hair, nails, glands, skin layers, dermis, epidermis, subcutaneous layer
76
common skin condition symptoms?
1. cutaneous lesions/eruptions
2. pruritis (itching)
3. pain
4. edema (swelling)
5. erythema (redness)
6. inflammation
77
flat, discolored spot that may be hypopigmented, hyperpigmented or red (erythematous and purpuric)
macule
78
plateau-like elevated lesion greater than 1/2 cm in diameter
plaque
79
a nodule filled with either liquid or semisolid material under the skin; deep
cyst
80
vesicle containing purulent or cloudy fluid; raised on skin
pustule
81
thickened areas of skin that is dry and whitish colored
scale
82
tunnel or streak caused by a burrowing organism
burrow
83
most common organism that burrows
scabies
84
small elevated lesion less than 1/2 cm in depth and diameter
papule
85
blisters containing clear fluid less than 0.5 cm in diameter
vesicles
86
blisters containing clear fluid greater than 0.5 cm in diameter
bulla(e)
87
marblelike lesion greater than 0.5 cm in depth and diameter
nodule
88
Liquid debris dried on the skin's surface, resulting from ruptured vesicles, pustules, or bullae
crust
89
a thin tear
fissure
90
a lesion of acne
comedo
91
tear that involves the epidermis and dermis
ulcer
92
a wide but shallow fissure
erosion
93
inflammatory condition of the sebacious (oil) glands
seborrheic dermatitis
94
seborrheic dermatitis is called ____ in infants
cradle cap
95
cause of seborrheic dermatitis
idiopathic though heredity and emotional stress may be precipitating factors
96
seborrheic dermatitis treatment
low strength cortisone/hydrocortisone cream
97
acute inflammation response of the skin triggered by an exogenous chemical or substance
contact dermatitis
98
cause of contact dermatitis
many possible causes (poison plants, dyes, latex, preservatives, detergents, etc.)
99
treatment of contact dermatitis
cleansing the skin and corticosteroid creams; some cases may require oral steroids
100
chronic inflammation of the skin that tends to occur in patients with a family history of allergic conditions
eczema
101
cause: eczema
is idiopathic but there is an inherited tendency and an allergic connection is assumed
102
treatment: eczema
cortisone ointments and antibiotics if a secondary infection develops from scratching
103
severe itching followed by the appearance of redness and an area swelling in a localized area of skin
urticaria or hives
104
cause: urticaria
acute hypersensitivity and the release of histamine; can sometimes be idiopathic; other factors (sunlight, heat, cold, etc)
105
treatment: urticaria
remove the antigenic factor (if known) and manage with antihistamines and epinephrine for severe cases
106
chronic skin condition/systemic disease marked by thick, flaky, red patches of various sizes, covered with characteristic white, silvery scales
psoriasis
107
cause: psoriasis
unknown; seems to be genetically determined; may be autoimmune
108
treatment: psoriasis
UV light, steroid creams, coal tar preparations, retinoid creams, chemotherapy and drug treatment when serious
109
chronic inflammatory disorder of the facial skin, causing redness, primarily in the areas where individuals blush or flush
rosacea
110
cause: rosacea
unknown; possible correlation with the frequency of one's blushing; may be inherited
111
treatment: rosacea
creams and lifestyle changes to avoid triggers that cause blushing
112
inflammatory disease of the sebaceous glands and hair follicles
acne vulgaris
113
cause: acne vulgaris
unknown; linked to hormonal changes in adoloscence
114
t or f. Food causes acne.
false
115
other precipitating factors that cause acne?
hormonal changes, heredity, dirt, bacteria
116
treatment: acne
topical and/or systemic antibiotics and tretinoin creams, and accutane (isotretinoin) can be prescribed in severe cases (with caution)
117
benign growths originating in the epidermis
seborrheic keratosis
118
clinically appear as tan-brown, greasy papules or plaques that look to be pasted onto the skin
seborrheic keratosis
119
cause: seborrheic keratosis
idiopathic
120
treatment: seborrheic keratosis
cryosurgery and curettage
121
benign, asymptomatic growths that can be found anywhere on the body
dermatofibroma
122
cause: dermatofibroma
fibrous reactions to viral infections, insect bites, and trauma
123
treatment: dermatofibroma
surgical excision if symptomatic
124
benign epithelial growth that appears as a smooth, red, dome-shaped papule with a central crust that usually appears singly, but may occur in multiple numbers
keratoacanthoma
125
cause: keratoacanthoma
virus
126
treatment: keratoacanthoma
surgical excision, topical adrenocorticosteroids, and/or oral isotretinoin and etretinate for multiple lesions
127
overgrowth of skin that occurs secondary to trauma or surgery
keloids and hypertrophic scars
128
cause: keloids and hypertrophic scars
trauma, surgery
129
treatment: keloids and hypertrophic scars
corticosteroid injections and possibly excision
130
develops when a sebaceous gland slowly fills with a thick fluid
epidermal sebaceous cyst
131
cause: epidermal sebaceous cyst
blockage, sometimes with infection, of a sebaceous gland
132
treatment: epidermal sebaceous cyst
surgical excision
133
common benign skin growths or tags
acrochordon (skin tag)
134
cause: acrochordon (skin tag)
friction
135
treatment: acrochordon (skin tag)
surgical excision or chemical removal (freezing/burning)
136
common premalignant lesions found on sun-exposed areas of the body
actinic keratosis
137
cause: actinic keratosis
long-term exposure to the ultraviolet portion of sunlight
138
treatment: actinic keratosis
topical tretinoin, possibly in combination with fluorouracil or desiccation and curettage
139
2 common non-melanoma skin cancers
BCC and SCC
140
abbreviation: basal cell carcinoma
BCC
141
abbreviation: squamous cell carcinoma
SCC
142
BCC vs SCC
SCC has hyperkeratosis
143
T or F. Non-melanoma skin cancers rarely metastasize.
t
144
cause: non-melanoma skin cancers
sun exposure, radiation treatment, immunosuppression, chronic exposure to arsenic
Actinic keratosis or chronically inflamed skin from scar tissue and burns (SCC), smoking
145
treatment: non-melanoma skin cancers
conventional or MOHS surgery, cryosurgery, electrodessication and curettage, drug therapy
146
ABCs of malignant melanoma
asymmetry, border, color, diameter, evolving
147
rare, inherited condition in which the melanocytes are unable to produce melanin
albinism
148
cause: albinism
-
149
treatment: albinism
-
150
pale, irregular patches of skin, often evenly located on one side of the body
vitiligo
151
cause: vitiligo
possibly autoimmune; often follows a stressful incident
152
treatment: vitiligo
cosmetics to cover the affected skin area, non-prescription de-pigmenting creams for dark areas, UV light treatment for lightened areas
153
patches of dark skin that develop on the face, especially over the cheeks
melasma or chloasma
154
cause: melasma
hormonal changes in pregnancy or with oral contraceptive use in some women
155
treatment: melasma
-
156
benign lesions of proliferating blood vessels in the dermis that produce a red, blue, or purple colour
hemangioma
157
cause: hemangioma
-
158
treatment: hemangioma
-
159
small dark areas of skin composed of dense collections of melanocytes
moles or nevi
160
cause: moles
melanocytes that grow in a cluster instead of spreading throughout the skin
161
treatment: moles
-
162
fungal infection that causes patches of flaky, light, or dark skin to develop on the trunk
pityriasis
163
cause: pityriasis
-
164
treatment: pityriasis
antifungal medications (oral and/or creams)
165
unspecified adverse effect resulting from a drug, medicinal, or biologic substance that was properly administered
abnormal suntan
166
loss or absence of hair, especially on the scalp
alopecia
167
male pattern baldness
androgenetic alopecia
168
loss of hair in oval patches
alopecia areata
169
cause: alopecia
-
170
treatment: alopecia
Rogaine (minoxidil) and Propecia (finasteride)
171
inflammatory reaction of the hair follicle that produces erythemic, pustular lesions
folliculitis
172
cause: folliculitis
staphylococcus aureus
173
treatment: folliculitis
topical antiseptic cleanser (Betadine) and systemic antibiotics
174
common, localized hyperplastic areas of the stratum corneum layer of the epidermis
corns and calluses
175
cause: corns and calluses
-
176
treatment: corns and calluses
-
177
corns vs calluses
corns: glassy core, smaller, more painful
calluses: larger and develop on pressure points
178
elevated growths of the epidermis that result from hyperplasia
verrucae or warts
179
cause: verrucae or warts
viruses
180
treatment: verrucae or warts
chemical treatment (burning or freezing), surgican excision, cryotherapy, electrodessication
181
nails with unusual thickening, shape, or color that deviates from normal
deformed or discolored nails
182
cause: deformed or discolored nails
-
183
treatment: deformed or discolored nails
-
184
infection of the skin around a nail
paronychia
185
cause: paronychia
bacterial/fungal infection
186
treatment: paronychia
antibiotics or antifungals
187
paronychia: a blister of pus beside the nail that forms if the nail fold is affected
whitlow
188
acute inflammatory dermatomal eruption of extremely painful vesicles
herpes zoster, shingles
189
cause: shingles
herpes varicella-zoster virus (VZV) or chickenpox in childhood
190
shingles: VZV lies dormat in the ______ and reactivates, often by stress event
dorsal root ganglia
191
treatment: shingles
acyclovir (Zovirax) antivial
192
T or F. There is now a vaccine for shingles prevention.
t
193
common, contagious, superficial skin infection typically on face: pus, yellow crusty sores
impetigo
194
impetigo that presents as a blister
bullous
195
impetigo that presents as a rash
non-bullous
196
cause: impetigo
streptococcus or staphylococcus aureus bacteria
197
treatment: impetigo
systemic pills/IV that goes through the whole body, topical antibiotics, proper cleaning, and prevention of spreading
198
large pus containing lesion that has been infected. The pus containing abscess involves the entire hair follicle and adjacent subcutaneous tissue
furuncle (boil)
199
unusually large furuncle or a group of furuncles connected by drainage canals; multiple drainage points
carbuncle
200
cause: furuncles and carbuncles
bacterial infection, usually staphylococcus aureus
201
treatment: furuncles and carbuncles
hot compresses, surgical I&D in some cases, Keflex (cephalexin) or dicloxacillin antibiotic treatments
202
acute, diffuse, bacterial infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue that causes skin to look red and swollen underneath skin – typically no rash associated
cellulitis
203
cause: cellulitis
streptococcus or staph bacteria entering the skin surface via small cut or lesion
204
key diagnostic symptom for cellulitis
pitting edema - leaves indent from fingerprint
205
treatment: cellulitis
systemic antibiotics; may require IV drug therapy or hospitalization if severe
206
chronic superficial fungal infection of the skin
dermatophytoses (tinea)
207
cause: tinea
several species of fungi that can invade the skin or nails
208
treatment: tinea
topical and/or oral antifungal medications
209
type of tinea that affects the foot; also called athlete's foot
tinea pedis
210
type of tinea that affects the nail
tinea unguium
211
type of tinea that affects anywhere on the body
tinea corporis
212
type of tinea that affects the scalp and can cause hair loss
tinea capitis
213
type of tinea that affects the crotch; also called jock itch
tinea cruris
214
localized area of dead skin that can affect the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layer and in some cases affect muscle and bones
decubitus ulcers (pressure/bed sores)
215
cause: decubitus ulcers
impairment or lack of blood supply to the affected area of skin; constant pressure against surface of skin
216
treatment: decubitus ulcers
prevention easier than treatment; body position changes every 2 hours, special pads or mattresses to alleviate pressure on bony prominences
217
2 most common parasitic insects to infect humans
scabies and pediculosis (lice)
218
cause: scabies
sarcoptes scabiei itch mite
219
cause: head lice
pediculus humanus capitis
220
cause: body lice
pediculus humanus corporis
221
cause: public lice or crabs
Phthirus pubis
222
seborrheic dermatitis may be perpetuated or intensified by the yeastlike organism ____ which is normally found on the skin in small numbers
Pityrosporum
223
contact dermatitis can develop in 3 ways
1. irritation
2. sensitization
3. photoallergy
224
diagnostic test for contact dermatitis
patch test
225
t or f. hives can develop in the pharyngeal mucosa, obstructing airway and causing asphyxiation
t
226
when swelling involves deeper tissues in urticaria
angioedema
