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* * * 1. NCE: MEDT, ANPH, PATH 1&2 > Conception and Early Pregnancy > Flashcards

Conception and Early Pregnancy Flashcards

1
Q

Abnormal proliferation of placental tissue than can take on characteristics of malignancy

A

hydatidiform (hydatid) mole

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2
Q

Placenta has a ___ appearance on ultrasound or the diagnosis may come from evaluation after miscarriage/abortion

A

grape cluster

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3
Q

Hydatid mole is caused by ___ during fertilization where the placenta develops abnormally as a mass of clear grape like vessels

A

genetic anomaly

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4
Q

How are hydatid moles treated?

A
  1. evacuation of the uterus by dilation 2. chemotherapy3. hysterectomy
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5
Q

Pregnancy should be avoided for at least __ months after removal of a hydatid mole

A

6 months

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6
Q

Fertilized egg implants that grows outside of the endometrial canal, most often the fallopian tube

A

ectopic pregnancy

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7
Q

What medication is prescribed for early unruptured ectopic pregnancies?

A

methotrexate

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8
Q

Methotrexate causes the ___ to die and the products to be reabsorbed by the body

A

placenta

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9
Q

What surgeries treat ectopic pregnancy?

A
  1. laparoscopic surgery2. tubal conservation if unruptured
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10
Q

Severe state of morning sickness that doesn’t respond to over the counter remedies, requires prescription medicine or hospitalization

A

hyperemesis gravidarum

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11
Q

Hyperemesis gravidarum is ssociated with weight loss of more than __ and metabolic disturbances and dehydration

A

10%

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12
Q

Hyperemesis gravidum is linked to elevated ___ and ___

A

estrogen and hCG

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13
Q

Which patients have a higher risk for hyperemesis gravidum?

A

patients with underlying emotional disturbances with abusive relationships

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14
Q

What is ruled out with hyperemesis gravidum

A

hyperthyroidism

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15
Q

How is hyperemesis gravidum treated?

A
  1. patient hospitalized2. electrolyte imbalance corrected with salts3. antiemetics
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16
Q

Refer to number of times the patient has been pregnant

A

gravidity

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17
Q

Refer to number of past pregnancies that have gone to viability and have been delivered

A

para

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18
Q

Pregnant woman

A

gravida

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19
Q

Number of times the female delivered a baby

A

para

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20
Q

Woman who is not pregnant and has never been pregnant

A

nulligravida

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21
Q

Woman who has never delivered a child

A

nullipara

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22
Q

First pregnancy

A

primigravida

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23
Q

Female who has delivered a fetus that reached viability

A

primipara

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24
Q

Female that has been pregnant 2 or more times

A

multigravida

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25
Female that has delivered more than one baby
multipara
26
Female who have just given birth up to 42 days following delivery
puerpera
27
Naturally occurring loss of a fetus before the 20th week of pregnancy. Also called “missed” or “incomplete”
spontaneous abortion or miscarriage
28
__% of all pregnancies end in spontaneous abortions.
10-15%
29
Spontaneous abortion results from ____.
abnormal chromosomes
30
What 4 factors are associated with increased risk of abortion?
1. infection2. metabolic disturbances3. maternal antibody production4. lupus or clotting disorders
31
Spontaneous abortion with no severe bleeding is treated how?
Allowing the products of conception to pass on their own; given medication to expedite the passage of fetal and placental tissue
32
Spontaneous abortion with severe bleeding is treated how?
Dilation, other surgical interventions
33
What is checked in spontaneous abortion?
Rh factor of mother
34
Non-invasive test in pregnancy providing detailed information on the health of the fetus
18 week ultrasound
35
What 4 thingscan be detected at 18 week ultrasound?
1. heart abnormalities2. developmental problems of genitoruinary system which are incompatible with life3. nervous system disorders4. dating
36
18-week ultrasound is completed at what gestational age?
16th-20th weeks
37
Needle sample of chorion guided by ultrasound
chorionic villus sampling (CVS)
38
What can be detected during a chorionic villus sampling?
early detection of abnormalities to ensure time to decide whether or not to proceed with the pregnancy
39
CVS is completed at what gestational age?
10-12 weeks
40
Maternal blood sample
Maternal Serum Screen (MSS)
41
What does the maternal serum screen measure?
1. bhCG2. maternal alphaprotein3. unconjugated estrogen
42
What is detected during MSS?
estimates risk of1. spina bifida2. trisomy 21 or down syndrome3. trisomy 18 or edwards syndrome4. open neural tube defects
43
MSS relies on accurate _____
gestational age
44
MSS is is completed at what gestational age?
16 weeks
45
Nuchal translucency screen (ultrasound measurement)
First Trimester Screen (FTS)
46
BhCG, pregnancy associated with ___, risk of ___ can be detected in FTS
plasma protein A, down syndrome
47
FTS is not useful in ____
multiple gestation
48
False positives in FTS should follow ___ or ___ to confirm
CVS, amniocentesis
49
FTS is completed at what gestational age?
11-14 weeks
50
Combines use of FTS and MSS
integrated prenatal screen
51
Integrated prenatal screen detects Down Syndrome in __% of pregnancies but should still be followed by _____ to confirm
85-90%, amniocentesis
52
Integrated prenatal screen is completed at what gestational age?
1st: 11-14 weeks2nd: 15-20 weeks
53
Assessment of genetic karyotype allowing for accurate prenatal diagnosis of genetic abnormalities including down syndrome
amniocentesis
54
Which is more accurate: amniocentesis or CVS?
amniocentesis
55
Amniocentesis can reveal the maturity of the ___ and ___ defects
fetal lung, open neural tube defects
56
AMniocentesis provides information on ______ affected pregnancies
Rh isoimmunization
57
Amniocentesis is completed at what gestational age?
15-16 weeks
58
Amniocentesis takes ___ days for results
10-14 days
59
What days are the menstrual cycle?
Days 1-4
60
During the menstrual cycle, __ and __ are rising
FSH and LH
61
Proliferative phase days
5-14 but varies between women
62
Secretory phase days
15-28
63
Secretory phase is always __ days in length
14 days
64
How many trimesters in a pregnancy?
3
65
How long is the first trimester?
0-12 weeks
66
How long is the second trimester?
13-26 weeks
67
How long is the third trimester?
27+ weeks
68
What are the 2 phases of pregnancy?
1. embryonic2. fetal
69
Pregnancy phase spanning the first two months
embryonic
70
Pregnancy phase spanning the third through ninth months?
fetal
71
Hydatidiform is also called a ___
molar pregnancy
72
T or F. Molar pregnancies can become cancerous.
T
73
What are 5 risk factors for ectopic pregnancies?
1. IUDs2. pelvic adhesions due to previous pelvic infection or surgery3. damaged fallopian tubes4. progesterone contraception 5. previous tubal ligation
74
What are the 3 categories for risk factors?
1. past obstetrical history2. medical history3. problems in current pregnancy
75
What ages are risk factors in pregnancy?
35
76
What are the risks for having a baby past 35 years old?
down syndrome
77
How many kg overweight must a woman be to be considered a risk factor in pregnancy
>9kg
78
What are problems in current pregnancy that are risk factors?
1. membrane rupture before 37 weeks2. PIH3. gestational diabetes4. post term pregnancy (>42 weeks)5. absence of fetal movements6. exposure to smoking and drugs
79
When is absence of fetal movements worrisome?
1. more than 24 hours after the 20th week2. fewer than 10 movements per hour after the 28th week
80
GTPAL
gravidityterm deliveriespreterm deliveriesabortions (all types: elective or miscarriage)live births
81
What are the 3 classifications of spontaneous abortions?
1. missed2. incomplete3. complete
82
What is a missed spontaneous abortion?
no tissue has passed
83
What is an incomplete spontaneous abortion
some tissue has passed
84
What is a complete spontaneous abortion?
all tissue has passed
85
In 18-week ultrasound, a ___ is done and provides a score out of 2 for a possible total of 10
biophysical profile (BPP)
86
What 5 things can a BPP indicate?
1. amniotic fluid volume2. breathing movements3. limb (body) movements4. fetal tone (muscle)5. heart rate/non-stress test
87
What is the difference between CVS and amniocentesis?
CVS can't detect neural tube defects, is less accurate
88
What is the main advantage of CVS over other screening tests?
more specificity, sensitivity
89
Which two tests detect Down syndrome
FTS & MSS, integrated

* * * 1. NCE: MEDT, ANPH, PATH 1&2 (28 decks)

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