Body Terms Flashcards
hepat/o
liver
bili
bile
chol/e, chol/o
bile, gall
cholecyst/o
gallbladder
cholangi/o
bile duct
choledoch/o
common bile duct
pancreat/o
pancreas
Swallowing path
pharynx - esophagus - stomach
Involuntary propulsion starts
peristalsis
Barrier between the esophagus and the stomach
cardiac sphincter
Food is digested ____ and ___ in the stomach
mechanically and chemically
-
Pepsin and hydrochloric acid
Serve as doorways so once food goes in it doesn’t come back
pyloric sphincter
Three parts of the small intestine
- Duodenum (25cm)2. Jejunum (2.4 m)3. Ileum (3.6 m)
____ from the gallbladder and ____ from the pancreas help digestion
Bile, pancreas
What are villi?
Aid in absorption
This valve prevents feces from reentering the small intestine
ileocecal valve
bucc/o
cheek
dent/o, dent/i
tooth, teeth
odont/o
tooth/teeth
gingiv/o
gum (gingiva)
gloss/o
tongue
lingu/o
tongue
gnath/o
jaw
labi/o
lip
or/o
mouth
stoma, stomat/o
mouth
palat/o
palate
sial/o
saliva, salivary gland or duct
uvul/o
uvula
esophag/o
esophagus
gastr/o
stomach
pylor/o
pylorus
enter/o
intestine
duoden/o
duodenum
jejun/o
jejunum
ile/o
ileum
cec/o
cecum
col/, colon/o
colon
sigmoid/o
sigmoid colon
rect/o
rectum
proct/o
rectum
an/o
anus
What is GERD
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
Gastric juices enter the esophagus and causes heartburn
GERD
Chronic inflammation of the intestinal wall (usually ileum and colon)
Chron disease
Gluten intolerance
Celiac Disease
Other digestive disorders
gastroenteritis, hepatitis, cholecystitis, cholelithiasis, pancreatitis
Creation of a stoma (-stomy)
Colostomy, gastrostomy
Surgical creation of a new connection
anastamosis
T or F. Digestive process tarts when food is placed into the mouth.
True
Digestive tract is also know as the ________
gastrointestinal tract or GI Tract
_____ aids in the breakdown of foods
saliva
Five elements of digestive process
ingestion, peristalsis, digestion, absorption, defecation
_____ glands secrete juice and hydrochloric acid
gastric glands
______ secretes bile and breaks down large molecultes of fat
Liver
Large intestine is divided into four sections
-
Anatomic directions: closer to the trunk; nearer to the point of attachment or to a given reference point
proximal
Anatomic directions: further away from body
distal
Anatomic directions: closer to the surface of the body
superficial
Anatomic directions: closer to center of the body
deep
Anatomic directions: below the transverse plane
inferior
Anatomic directions: above the transverse plane
superior
Anatomic directions: toward the front (belly) of the body
anterior/ventral
Anatomic directions: toward or at the back of the body
posterior/dorsal
Anatomic directions: toward the midline of the body
medial
Anatomic directions: toward the side of the body
lateral
Anatomic directions: farther from the point of attachment or from a given reference point
distal
Anatomic directions: toward the head
cranial or cephalad
Anatomic directions: toward the lower end of the spine
caudal
The way which a body can be cut
planes of section
Planes of section: divides body into anterior and posterior parts (front and back)
frontal plane
Planes of section: divides body into right and left
saggital plane
Planes of section: is down the middle or midline
medial plane
Planes of section: divides horizontally, splitting body into superior and inferior (top and bottom)
transverse plane
What is in the dorsal cavity?
brain cavity and spinal cavity
What is in the ventral cavity?
thoracic cavityabdominal cavitypelvic cavityabdominopelvic cavity
What are the 3 abdominal medial regions?
- epigastric (above stomach)2. umbilical at navel3. hypogastric below stomach
What are the 6 abdominal lateral regions?
- hypochondriac L and R ribs2. lumbar L and R small of back3. iliac/inguinal L and R hipbone
Quadrants and regions refer to the ___ right and left side, not the ___.
patient’s right and left side, not the observers
RUQ, LUQ, RLQ, LLQ
quadrants and regions
Body Position: standing erect, facing forward, arms at sides, palms forward, legs parallel, toes pointed forward; descriptions and studies of the body
anatomic position
acu/o
sharp, sudden, severe
axill/o
armpit
carp/o
wrist
cib/o
meals
cutane/o
skin
duct/o
to lead, carry get carried away
flex/o
to bend
furc/o
forking, branching
isch/o
to hold bag
mort/o
death
necr/o
death of cells or whole body
nect/o
to bind, tie, connect
neutr/o
neutrophil (WBC)
plas/o
formation, development
pub/o
pubis, pubic bone
seps/o
infection
the/o
to put, place
top/o
place, position, location
con-
together, with
ultra
beyond, excessive
-coccus
berry shaped bacteria
-cyesis
pregnancy
-drome
to run
-dynia
pain
-er
one who
-fusion
coming together, to pour
-lapse
to slide, fall, sag
-mission
to send
-ole
small, little
-or
one who
-partum
birth, labor
-phobia
fear
-phoria
to bear, carry; feeling
-physis
to grow
-therapy
treatment
-tic
pertaining to
-ule
little, small
-us
structure, substance
When – is above a vowel, the sound is ___
long, ex. ā as in āpe, õ as in õpen
When ˘ is above a vowel, the sound is ____
short. ex. ă as in ăpple
The ____ syllable is accented
capitalized
Fundamental unit of all living things
Cell
Surrounds and protects the cell; regulates what passes into and out of the cell
Cell membrane
Controls the operations of the cell; directs cell division and determines the structure and function of the cell
Nucleus
Rod-like structures within the nucleus
Chromosomes
All human body cells except the sex cells contain ___ pairs of chromosomes
23
Each sperm and each cell have __ unpaired chromosomes
23
When an egg and sperm cell unite to form the embryo, each cell of the embryo then has __ pairs
46
Chromosomes contain regions called ____
Genes
T or F. There are several thousand genes in an orderly sequence, on every chromosome
T
Each gene contains a chemical ___, which regulates the activities of the cell according to its sequence in each chromosome
DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid
Code that directs the activities of each cell such as cell division and synthesis of proteins
DNA sequence
Photograph of an individual’s chromosomes arranged by size, shape and number
Karyotype
Extra chromosome __ results in the development of a child with Down syndrome
21
Includes all of the material outside the nucleus and enclosed by the cell membrane; carries on the work of the cell; contains specialized apparatus to supply the chemical needs of the cell
Cytoplasm
Small sausage shaped bodies that provide the principal source of energy for cell; use nutrients and oxygen to release energy that is stored in food
Mitochondria
Chemical process where complex foods are broken down into simpler substances and energy is released by the mitochondria
catabolism
Network of canals within the cell that manufacture proteins for the cell
Endoplasmic reticulum
Attached to the ER; builds long chains of proteins
Ribosomes
Occurs in the ER; process of building large proteins from small protein pieces called amino acids
anabolism
Important proteins for cell growth
Hormones and enzymes
Processes that make up the cell’s metabolism
Anabolism and catabolism
The total of the chemical processes occurring in a cell
Metabolism
Break down anabolism
Ana: upBol: castIsm: process
An ______ cell is square and flat to provide protection
Epithelial
____ cells are long and slender and contains fibers that aid in contracting and relaxing
Muscle
___ cells are long and have various fibrous extensions that help them carry impulses
Nerve
_____ cells contain large, empty spaces for fat storage
Fat
Group of similar cells working together to do a specific job
Tissue
Type of tissue located all over the body, forms the linings of internal organs and the outer surface of the skin covering the body
Epithelial
Why did epithelial originally refer to the tissue on the breast?
Epi: tissue onThelo: nipple
Type of muscle tissue found in arms and legs and parts of the body where movement is under conscious control
Voluntary
Type of muscle tissue found in the heart and digestive system that allows movement not under conscious control
Involuntary
Examples of connective tissue:
Adipose tissue? Cartilage, bone, blood
_____ tissue conducts impulses all over the body
Nerve
Cranio
Skull
Karyo
Nucleus
Ventro
Belly side of body
Meta
Change
-ose
Pertaining to, full of
-plasm
Formation
-some a
Bodies
-type
Picture, classification
A yo
Sharp severe
