Body Terms Flashcards
1
Q
hepat/o
A
liver
2
Q
bili
A
bile
3
Q
chol/e, chol/o
A
bile, gall
4
Q
cholecyst/o
A
gallbladder
5
Q
cholangi/o
A
bile duct
6
Q
choledoch/o
A
common bile duct
7
Q
pancreat/o
A
pancreas
8
Q
Swallowing path
A
pharynx - esophagus - stomach
9
Q
Involuntary propulsion starts
A
peristalsis
10
Q
Barrier between the esophagus and the stomach
A
cardiac sphincter
11
Q
Food is digested ____ and ___ in the stomach
A
mechanically and chemically
12
Q
-
A
Pepsin and hydrochloric acid
13
Q
Serve as doorways so once food goes in it doesn’t come back
A
pyloric sphincter
14
Q
Three parts of the small intestine
A
- Duodenum (25cm)2. Jejunum (2.4 m)3. Ileum (3.6 m)
15
Q
____ from the gallbladder and ____ from the pancreas help digestion
A
Bile, pancreas
16
Q
What are villi?
A
Aid in absorption
17
Q
This valve prevents feces from reentering the small intestine
A
ileocecal valve
18
Q
bucc/o
A
cheek
19
Q
dent/o, dent/i
A
tooth, teeth
20
Q
odont/o
A
tooth/teeth
21
Q
gingiv/o
A
gum (gingiva)
22
Q
gloss/o
A
tongue
23
Q
lingu/o
A
tongue
24
Q
gnath/o
A
jaw
25
labi/o
lip
26
or/o
mouth
27
stoma, stomat/o
mouth
28
palat/o
palate
29
sial/o
saliva, salivary gland or duct
30
uvul/o
uvula
31
esophag/o
esophagus
32
gastr/o
stomach
33
pylor/o
pylorus
34
enter/o
intestine
35
duoden/o
duodenum
36
jejun/o
jejunum
37
ile/o
ileum
38
cec/o
cecum
39
col/, colon/o
colon
40
sigmoid/o
sigmoid colon
41
rect/o
rectum
42
proct/o
rectum
43
an/o
anus
44
What is GERD
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
45
Gastric juices enter the esophagus and causes heartburn
GERD
46
Chronic inflammation of the intestinal wall (usually ileum and colon)
Chron disease
47
Gluten intolerance
Celiac Disease
48
Other digestive disorders
gastroenteritis, hepatitis, cholecystitis, cholelithiasis, pancreatitis
49
Creation of a stoma (-stomy)
Colostomy, gastrostomy
50
Surgical creation of a new connection
anastamosis
51
T or F. Digestive process tarts when food is placed into the mouth.
True
52
Digestive tract is also know as the ________
gastrointestinal tract or GI Tract
53
_____ aids in the breakdown of foods
saliva
54
Five elements of digestive process
ingestion, peristalsis, digestion, absorption, defecation
55
_____ glands secrete juice and hydrochloric acid
gastric glands
56
______ secretes bile and breaks down large molecultes of fat
Liver
57
Large intestine is divided into four sections
-
58
Anatomic directions: closer to the trunk; nearer to the point of attachment or to a given reference point
proximal
59
Anatomic directions: further away from body
distal
60
Anatomic directions: closer to the surface of the body
superficial
61
Anatomic directions: closer to center of the body
deep
62
Anatomic directions: below the transverse plane
inferior
63
Anatomic directions: above the transverse plane
superior
64
Anatomic directions: toward the front (belly) of the body
anterior/ventral
65
Anatomic directions: toward or at the back of the body
posterior/dorsal
66
Anatomic directions: toward the midline of the body
medial
67
Anatomic directions: toward the side of the body
lateral
68
Anatomic directions: farther from the point of attachment or from a given reference point
distal
69
Anatomic directions: toward the head
cranial or cephalad
70
Anatomic directions: toward the lower end of the spine
caudal
71
The way which a body can be cut
planes of section
72
Planes of section: divides body into anterior and posterior parts (front and back)
frontal plane
73
Planes of section: divides body into right and left
saggital plane
74
Planes of section: is down the middle or midline
medial plane
75
Planes of section: divides horizontally, splitting body into superior and inferior (top and bottom)
transverse plane
76
What is in the dorsal cavity?
brain cavity and spinal cavity
77
What is in the ventral cavity?
thoracic cavityabdominal cavitypelvic cavityabdominopelvic cavity
78
What are the 3 abdominal medial regions?
1. epigastric (above stomach)2. umbilical at navel3. hypogastric below stomach
79
What are the 6 abdominal lateral regions?
1. hypochondriac L and R ribs2. lumbar L and R small of back3. iliac/inguinal L and R hipbone
80
Quadrants and regions refer to the ___ right and left side, not the ___.
patient's right and left side, not the observers
81
RUQ, LUQ, RLQ, LLQ
quadrants and regions
82
Body Position: standing erect, facing forward, arms at sides, palms forward, legs parallel, toes pointed forward; descriptions and studies of the body
anatomic position
83
acu/o
sharp, sudden, severe
84
axill/o
armpit
85
carp/o
wrist
86
cib/o
meals
87
cutane/o
skin
88
duct/o
to lead, carry get carried away
89
flex/o
to bend
90
furc/o
forking, branching
91
isch/o
to hold bag
92
mort/o
death
93
necr/o
death of cells or whole body
94
nect/o
to bind, tie, connect
95
neutr/o
neutrophil (WBC)
96
plas/o
formation, development
97
pub/o
pubis, pubic bone
98
seps/o
infection
99
the/o
to put, place
100
top/o
place, position, location
101
con-
together, with
102
ultra
beyond, excessive
103
-coccus
berry shaped bacteria
104
-cyesis
pregnancy
105
-drome
to run
106
-dynia
pain
107
-er
one who
108
-fusion
coming together, to pour
109
-lapse
to slide, fall, sag
110
-mission
to send
111
-ole
small, little
112
-or
one who
113
-partum
birth, labor
114
-phobia
fear
115
-phoria
to bear, carry; feeling
116
-physis
to grow
117
-therapy
treatment
118
-tic
pertaining to
119
-ule
little, small
120
-us
structure, substance
121
When – is above a vowel, the sound is ___
long, ex. ā as in āpe, õ as in õpen
122
When ˘ is above a vowel, the sound is ____
short. ex. ă as in ăpple
123
The ____ syllable is accented
capitalized
124
Fundamental unit of all living things
Cell
125
Surrounds and protects the cell; regulates what passes into and out of the cell
Cell membrane
126
Controls the operations of the cell; directs cell division and determines the structure and function of the cell
Nucleus
127
Rod-like structures within the nucleus
Chromosomes
128
All human body cells except the sex cells contain ___ pairs of chromosomes
23
129
Each sperm and each cell have __ unpaired chromosomes
23
130
When an egg and sperm cell unite to form the embryo, each cell of the embryo then has __ pairs
46
131
Chromosomes contain regions called ____
Genes
132
T or F. There are several thousand genes in an orderly sequence, on every chromosome
T
133
Each gene contains a chemical ___, which regulates the activities of the cell according to its sequence in each chromosome
DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid
134
Code that directs the activities of each cell such as cell division and synthesis of proteins
DNA sequence
135
Photograph of an individual's chromosomes arranged by size, shape and number
Karyotype
136
Extra chromosome __ results in the development of a child with Down syndrome
21
137
Includes all of the material outside the nucleus and enclosed by the cell membrane; carries on the work of the cell; contains specialized apparatus to supply the chemical needs of the cell
Cytoplasm
138
Small sausage shaped bodies that provide the principal source of energy for cell; use nutrients and oxygen to release energy that is stored in food
Mitochondria
139
Chemical process where complex foods are broken down into simpler substances and energy is released by the mitochondria
catabolism
140
Network of canals within the cell that manufacture proteins for the cell
Endoplasmic reticulum
141
Attached to the ER; builds long chains of proteins
Ribosomes
142
Occurs in the ER; process of building large proteins from small protein pieces called amino acids
anabolism
143
Important proteins for cell growth
Hormones and enzymes
144
Processes that make up the cell's metabolism
Anabolism and catabolism
145
The total of the chemical processes occurring in a cell
Metabolism
146
Break down anabolism
Ana: upBol: castIsm: process
147
An ______ cell is square and flat to provide protection
Epithelial
148
____ cells are long and slender and contains fibers that aid in contracting and relaxing
Muscle
149
___ cells are long and have various fibrous extensions that help them carry impulses
Nerve
150
_____ cells contain large, empty spaces for fat storage
Fat
151
Group of similar cells working together to do a specific job
Tissue
152
Type of tissue located all over the body, forms the linings of internal organs and the outer surface of the skin covering the body
Epithelial
153
Why did epithelial originally refer to the tissue on the breast?
Epi: tissue onThelo: nipple
154
Type of muscle tissue found in arms and legs and parts of the body where movement is under conscious control
Voluntary
155
Type of muscle tissue found in the heart and digestive system that allows movement not under conscious control
Involuntary
156
Examples of connective tissue:
Adipose tissue? Cartilage, bone, blood
157
_____ tissue conducts impulses all over the body
Nerve
158
Cranio
Skull
159
Karyo
Nucleus
160
Ventro
Belly side of body
161
Meta
Change
162
-ose
Pertaining to, full of
163
-plasm
Formation
164
-some a
Bodies
165
-type
Picture, classification
166
A yo
Sharp severe
