Heart | The Cardiovascular System Flashcards
In coronary artery disease, arteries that supply the myocardium with oxygen become narrowed due to ____ over time, causing temporary cardiac ischemia, and eventually myocardial infarction (MI)
atherosclerotic deposits
Coronary artery disease is caused by deposits of fat-containing substances called plaque in the ____ of the arteries that results in atherosclerosis
lumen
What causes plaque?
diabetes, age, dietary and lifestyle factors, etc
What are the common symptoms of CAD?
angina, burning, squeezing, crushing pain in neck or jaw (mostly men)
What are the risk factors of CAD?
lifestyle, age, HTN, diabetes, smoking, genetics
What is the difference between atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis?
atherosclerosis = coronary arteriesarteriosclerosis = other arteries, unless aorta, then arteriosclerosis
Treated with pharmacotherapy and surgical interventions
CAD
What surgical interventions are used to treat CAD?
PTCA (percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty) and CABG (coronary artery bypass graft)
Angina pectoris is chest pain due to ____ during or shortly after exertion; results from reduced oxygen supply to the myocardium
ischemia
Caused by atherosclerosis, spasms of the coronary arteries, prolonged tachycardia, some forms of anemia, respiratory disease
angina pectoris
Treated by nitroglycerin sublingually
angina pectoris
Myocardial infarction is the death of _____ caused by the development of ischemia
myocardial tissue
Caused by insufficient oxygen supply due to thrombus, atherosclerotic plaque, and myocardial muscle spasm
myocardial infarction (MI)
Treatment includes 1. lab testing of CPK and troponin, LDH, and AST 2. thrombolytic drugs 3. PTCA 4. CABG
MI
Arryhthmia that often results from the damage causing most related deaths
VFIB
Sudden, unexpected cessation of cardiac activity
cardiac arrest
Caused by anoxia or interruption of the electrical stimuli to the heart due to respiratory arrest, cardiac arrhythmia, MI, electrocution, drowning, severe trauma, massive hemorrhage, drug overdose
cardiac arrest
Treatment includes CPR, AED and cardiac drugs
cardiac arrest
A condition caused by chronically elevated pressure throughout the vascular system; can be divided into secondary HTN or benign essential HTN
hypertensive heart disease
Essential hypertension is an abnormally high blood pressure in the arterial system with a reading of over ___ mmHg
140/90
Essential hypertension has an ____ onset; the patient has few, if any, symptoms until permanent damage has occurred
insidious
Cause unknown but contributing factors include heredity, stress, age, smoking, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, poor dietary habits
essential hypertension
Treatment includes pharmacotherapy, dietary management (limiting sodium intake), exercise and weight loss
essential hypertension
____ is a severe, life-threatening form of hypertension with a blood pressure reading of ___ mmHg or higher
malignant hypertension, 200/120