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* * * 1. NCE: MEDT, ANPH, PATH 1&2 > Male Reproductive System > Flashcards

Male Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

semen vs sperm

A

semen = thick, whitish secretion discharged from the urethra during ejaculationsperm = cells that develop in the testes

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2
Q

sterilization vs impotence

A

sterilization = performed in men and womenimpotence = inability of a male to sustain an erection or achieve ejaculation

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3
Q

andr/o

A

male

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4
Q

balan/o

A

glans penis

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5
Q

crypt/o

A

hidden

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6
Q

epididym/o

A

epididymis

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7
Q

gon/o

A

seed

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8
Q

hydr/o

A

water, fluid

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9
Q

orch/o, orchi/o, orchid/o

A

testis, testicle

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10
Q

pen/o

A

penis

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11
Q

prostat/o

A

prostate gland

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12
Q

semin/i

A

semen, seed

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13
Q

sperm/o, spermat/o

A

spermatozoa, semen

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14
Q

terat/o

A

monster

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15
Q

test/o

A

testis, testicle

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16
Q

varic/o

A

varicose veins

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17
Q

vas/o

A

vessel, duct; vas deferens

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18
Q

zo/o

A

animal life

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19
Q

-genesis

A

formation

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20
Q

-one

A

hormone

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21
Q

-pexy

A

fixation, put in place

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22
Q

-stomy

A

new opening

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23
Q

Measurement of levels of prostate-specific antigen in the blood

A

PSA test

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24
Q

Microscopic examination of ejaculated fluid

A

semen analysis

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25
Q

Surgical excision of testicles or ovaries

A

castration

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26
Q

Surgical procedure to remove the prepuce of the penis

A

circumcision

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27
Q

Finger palpation through the anal canal and rectum to examine the prostate gland

A

digital rectal examination (DRE)

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28
Q

Removal of tissue to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) using a green light laser (laser TURP)

A

photoselective vaporization of the prostate (GreenLight PVP)

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29
Q

Excision of benign prostatic hyperplasia using a resectoscope through the urethra

A

transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)

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30
Q

Bilateral surgical removal of a part of the vas deferens

A

vasectomy

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31
Q

test/o

A

testis, testicle

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32
Q

orchi/o, orchid/o

A

testis, testicle

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33
Q

osche/o

A

scrotum

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34
Q

semin

A

semen

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35
Q

sperm/i, spermat/o

A

sperm, spermatozoa

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36
Q

epididym/o

A

epididymis

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37
Q

vas/o

A

vas deferens, ductus deferens

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38
Q

vesicul/o

A

seminal vesicle

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39
Q

prostat/o

A

prostate

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40
Q

Develop in the abdominal cavity and descend into the scrotum shortly before or after birth.

A

testes or testicles

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41
Q

What are the two functions of the testes?

A
  1. sperm formation2. testosterone production
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42
Q

What parts of the male reproductive system form sperm?

A

seminiferous tubules and sertoli cells and androgens (mainly testosterone)

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43
Q

What forms testosterone?

A

interstitial cells between the seminiferous tubules

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44
Q

What is the transport pathway of sperm?

A

Epididymis → Vas (ductus) deferens → passes out of the scrotum, up into the abdominal cavity and behind the bladder → ejaculatory duct → urethra

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45
Q

Contains the urethra

A

penis

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46
Q

What are the three segments of spongy tissues in the penis?

A

-

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47
Q

______ impulses cause arterial dilation and increased blood flow in the penis.

A

parasympathetic impulses

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48
Q

What three glands form semen?

A

prostate, seminal vesicle, and Cowper’s (bulbourethral) gland

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49
Q

What are the three functions of semen?

A
  1. Nourish the sperm2. Neutralize acidic urethral and vaginal fluid3. Lubrication and motility
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50
Q

BPH

A

Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy/Hyperplasia

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51
Q

What disease is the enlargement of the prostate and is common condition as men age?

A

BPH

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52
Q

The function of the gonads in both males ad females is to produce ____ and ___

A

produce reproductive cells and hormones

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53
Q

The reproductive cells

A

gametes

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54
Q

Gametes are generated by ____

A

meiosis

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55
Q

A process of cell divisionthat halves the chromosome number from 46 to 23

A

meiosis

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56
Q

T or F. When male and female gametes unite infertilization, the original chromosome number is restored

A

T

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57
Q

Functions of sex hormones

A
  1. help manufacture GAMETES2. function in PREGNANCY and LACTATION3. produce SECONDARY sex characteristics (shape, body hair, voice, etc) G, PLS
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58
Q

T or F. The reproductive tract develops in close association with the urinary tract

A

True

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59
Q

T or F. In females, reproductive and urinary systems become completely separate

A

True

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60
Q

In males, the reproductive and urinary tracts share a common passage, the _____

A

urethra

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61
Q

The urinary and reproductive systems referred together are called the ___ or ___ tract

A

genitourinary or urogenital tract

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62
Q

GU

A

genitourinary tract

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63
Q

UG

A

urogenital tract

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64
Q

T or F. Urologistst are only called on to treat disorders of the urinary system.

A

False, urologists are called on to treat disorders of the male reproductive system as well as of the urinary system.

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65
Q

Male germ cells produced in the testes

A

spermatozoa, sperm cells

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66
Q

Testes are suspended outside of the body in the _____

A

scrotum

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67
Q

The testes develop in the ____ but normally descend through the ____ into the scrotum around birth

A

abdominal cavity, inguinal canal

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68
Q

After puberty, sperm form continuously within the testes in ______

A

coiled seminiferous tubules

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69
Q

Sperm development requires the aid of special ____ cells and ___

A

Sertoli cells and male sex hormones

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70
Q

The male sex hormones

A

androgens, mainly testosterone

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71
Q

Androgens are manufactured in ____ located between the tubules

A

interstitial cells

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72
Q

The gonads in both males and females are stimulated by these hormones

A

follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH)

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73
Q

FSH

A

follicle stimulating hormone

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74
Q

LH

A

luteinizing hormone

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75
Q

LH and FSH are released from the ____ beneath the brain

A

anterior pituitary gland

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76
Q

LH and FSH are the same in both males and females, but LH is called ___ in males

A

interstitial cell-stimulating hormone (ICSH)

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77
Q

ICSH

A

interstitial cell-stimulating hormone

78
Q

After manufacturing, sperm cells are stored in a much-coiled tube on the _____ of each testis

A

surface

79
Q

Much coiled tube on the surface of each testis

A

epididymis

80
Q

Sperm cells remain in the epididymis until ____ propels them into a series of ducts that lead out of the body

A

ejaculation

81
Q

The first duct that ascends through the inguinalcanal into the abdominal cavity and travels behind the bladder

A

vas (ductus) deferens

82
Q

Short continuation that delivers the spermatozoa to the urethra as it passes through the prostate gland below the bladder

A

ejaculatory duct

83
Q

What is the transport of spermatozoa?

A

vas deferens > ejaculatory duct > urethra

84
Q

The male organ that transports both urine and semen

A

penis

85
Q

The head or tip of the penis

A

glans penis

86
Q

Loose skin that covers the glans penis

A

prepuce or foreskin

87
Q

Surgery to remove the foreskin

A

circumcision

88
Q

Thick, whitish fluid in which spermatozoa are transported

A

semen

89
Q

What does semen contain?

A
  1. sperm cells2. secretions from three types of accessory glands
90
Q

The first accessory gland; saclike gland that secretes into the ejaculatory duct

A

seminal vesicles (paired)

91
Q

The second accessory gland that secretes into the first part of the urethra beneath the bladder

A

prostate gland

92
Q

Enlargement of the ___ gland may compress the urethra just below the pressure gland

A

prostate gland

93
Q

The third accessory gland that secrete into the urethra just below the prostate gland

A

two bulbourethral or Cowper glands

94
Q

What are the 3 accessory glands that secrete to form semen?

A
  1. seminal vesicles2. prostate gland3. bulbourethral glands
95
Q

Together the semen accessory glands produce this slightly alkaline mixture

A

semen

96
Q

What are the functions of semen?

A
  1. Nourishes sperm cells2. Transports sperm cells3. Protects sperm cells from neutralizing the Acidity of the female vaginal tractPANT
97
Q

Steps in sperm formation

A

seminal vesicles > ejaculatory duct > prostate gland > urethra beneath the bladder > bulbourethral glands > urethra

98
Q

Any hormone that produces male characteristics

A

androgen

99
Q

The duct formed by union of the ductus deferens and the duct of the seminal vesicle; it carries spermatozoa and seminal fluid into theurethra

A

ejaculatory duct

100
Q

A coiled tube on the surface of the testis that stores sperm until ejaculation

A

epididymis

101
Q

A hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary that acts on the gonads. In the male, this hormone stimulates development of sperm cells.

A

FSH follicle stimulating hormone

102
Q

What are the gametes called in the male and female, respectively?

A

spermatozoon in the male, ovum in the female

103
Q

What are the gonads called in the male and female, respectively?

A

testis or ovary

104
Q

A hormone secreted by the pituitary that acts on the gonads. In the male, it stimulates production of testosterone.

A

ICSH or LH

105
Q

The channel through which the testis descends into the scrotum in the male

A

inguinal canal

106
Q

Cells located between the seminiferous tubules of the testes that produce hormones, mainly testosterone. Also called cells of Leydig.

A

interstitial cells

107
Q

A double pouch that contains the testes

A

scrotum

108
Q

Cells in the seminiferous tubules that aid in the development ofspermatozoa

A

Sertoli cells

109
Q

The duct that conveys spermatozoa from the epididymis to the ejaculatoryduct

A

vas deferens

110
Q

T or F. Most infections of the male reproductive tract are STDs.

A

True

111
Q

TURP

A

transurethral resection of the prostate

112
Q

Prostatectomy formed through the urethra

A

TURP

113
Q

TUIP

A

transurethral incision of the prostate

114
Q

BPH is diagnosed by DRE, which stands for:

A

digital rectal examination

115
Q

PID

A

pelvic inflammatory disease

116
Q

List some bacterial STDs?

A

chlamydia, gonorrhea, vaginosis, syphillis

117
Q

List some viral STDs.

A

AIDS, herpes, Hep B, HPV

118
Q

The most common malignancy in men in the US

A

prostate

119
Q

Testes fail to descend into scrotum by time of birth that must be corrected to avoid sterility and cancer risks

A

cryptorchidism

120
Q

Total inability to produce offspring

A

sterility

121
Q

An abdominal organ like the intestine, enters the inguinal canal

A

indirect or external inguinal hernia

122
Q

Hernia in which the organ protrudes through the abdominal wall into the scrotum

A

direct or internal inguinal hernia

123
Q

Decreased capacity to produce offspring

A

infertility

124
Q

Period during which the ability for sexual reproduction is attainedand secondary sex characteristics begin to develop

A

puberty

125
Q

The cord that suspends the testis; composed of the vas deferens, vessels, and nerves

A

spermatic cord

126
Q

BNO

A

bladder neck obstruction

127
Q

Blockage of urine flow at the outlet of the bladder. The commoncause is benign prostatic hyperplasia.

A

BNO

128
Q

Narrowing of the opening of the prepuce so that the foreskin cannotbe pushed back over the glans penis

A

phimosis

129
Q

Abnormal, painful, continuous erection of the penis, as may becaused by damage to specific regions of the spinal cord

A

priapism

130
Q

A tumor of the testis

A

seminoma

131
Q

Enlargement of the veins of the spermatic cord

A

varicocele

132
Q

AIDS

A

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

133
Q

GC

A

gonococcus

134
Q

HBV

A

hepatitis B virus

135
Q

HIV

A

human immunodeficiency virus

136
Q

PSA

A

prostate specific antigen

137
Q

TSE

A

testicular self exam

138
Q

VD

A

venereal disease

139
Q

consistent inability to maintain or achieve penile erection

A

erectile dysfunction/impotence

140
Q

5 causes of erectile dysfunction/impotence

A
  1. psychological basis2. chronic fatigue/stress3. medical conditions affecting blood vessels4. neurological damage5. medications/alcohol/recreational activity
141
Q

3 treatments for chronic impotence

A
  1. penile implants2. external vacuum devices3. penile injection therapy (taught to self-inject)4. viagra/levitra/cialis
142
Q

involuntary inability to conceive

A

male infertility

143
Q

male infertility is caused by insufficient ___ or ___ of sperm

A

number; motility

144
Q

male infertility is also caused by presence of ___, other infections or blockage

A

STDs

145
Q

male infertility is also caused by ____ abnormalities, ___ diseases and ___ disorders

A

structural; genetic; endocrine

146
Q

condition that can cause male infertility

A

varicocele

147
Q

male infertility is also caused by injuries that affect the ___ and ___

A

blood; nerve supply

148
Q

male infertility is also caused by ___ and ___ exposure

A

radiation; pollutants

149
Q

male infertility can also be caused by chronic ___ and ___ imbalance

A

stress; hormonal

150
Q

treatment for male infertility includes ___ history with special attention to childhood disease and thorough physical exam to rule out ___ and ___ disorders

A

medical; genetic; endocrine

151
Q

male infertility is diagnosed with ___ analysis

A

semen

152
Q

2 procedures to solve male infertility

A
  1. intrauterine insemination (IUI)2. in vitro fertilization (IVF)
153
Q

inflammation of the epididymis, the excretory duct of the testicles

A

epididymitis

154
Q

epididymitis is caused most commonly by these 2 STIs

A
  1. gonorrhea2. chlamydia
155
Q

4 conditions that can cause epididymitis

A
  1. UTI2. prostatis3. TB4. mumps
156
Q

epididymitis is also caused by ___ complications

A

prostatectomy

157
Q

epididymitis can also be caused by prolonged use of ___

A

indwelling catheter

158
Q

diagnostic sign of epididymitis

A

Prehn’s sign

159
Q

sign of epididymitis: relief of pain when testicle is elevated

A

Prehns

160
Q

untreated or incompletely treated epididymitis can result in ___

A

sterility

161
Q

infection of the testes

A

orchitis

162
Q

acute epididymitis infection is frequently associated with this infection

A

STI

163
Q

4 causes of orchitis

A
  1. mumps2. viral infection3. bacterial infection4. injury
164
Q

if both testicles are affected with epididymitis, this can lead to ___

A

sterility

165
Q

condition where one testicle is twisted out of its normal position

A

torsion of the testicle

166
Q

torsion of the testicle is treated by gentle manipulation to untwist the testicle, followed by ___ to prevent recurrence

A

orchiopexy

167
Q

t or f. orchiopexy must be performed ASAP on patients with torsion of the testicle to prevent permanent damage

A

t

168
Q

veins of one of the testicles become abnormally distended, causing swelling around the testicle that expands within the scrotal sac

A

varicocele

169
Q

varicocele is caused by incompetent ____

A

venous valves

170
Q

in varicocele, surgery would be done to remove ___ veins if ___ is affected

A

distended; fertility

171
Q

acute or chronic inflammation of the prostate gland

A

prostatitis

172
Q

prostatitis is usually caused by ___ infections but not always known

A

bacterial/non bacterial

173
Q

drug to treat acute prostatitis

A

fluoroquinolone

174
Q

benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is also called ___

A

benign prostatic hypertrophy

175
Q

nonmalignant, non inflammatory hypertrophy of the prostate gland

A

benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)

176
Q

benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is common in men over the age of __

A

50

177
Q

3 common symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)

A
  1. difficulty starting urination2. weak urinary system3. inability to empty bladder
178
Q

surgical procedure for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)

A

TURP (transurethral resection of prostate)

179
Q

malignancy of prostate gland

A

prostate cancer

180
Q

3 major risk factors for prostate cancer

A
  1. ethnicity (African Americans)2. BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene3. diet high in animal fats
181
Q

name and staging system for prostate cancer

A

gleason

182
Q

surgical procedure for prostate cancer

A

radical prostatectomy

183
Q

2 therapies for prostate cancer

A
  1. brachytherapy2. hormone therapy
184
Q

hormone therapy for prostate cancer includes ___ and ___

A
  1. orchiectomy2. hormone agonists or antagonists
185
Q

cancer of the testicle

A

testicular cancer

186
Q

testicular cancer is most common between ages __ and __

A

15 and 45

187
Q

condition risk factor for testicular cancer, even when surgically corrected

A

cryptorchidism

188
Q

another risk factor for testicular cancer is previous ____ tumor elsewhere

A

germ cell

189
Q

a risk factor (instead of outcome) for testicular cancer

A

infertility

190
Q

2 syndromes that are risk factors for testicular cancer

A
  1. down syndrome2. klinefelter’s syndrome
191
Q

can cure up to 80% of testicular cancer patients

A

chemotherapy

192
Q

procedure for testicular cancer

A

surgical resection

* * * 1. NCE: MEDT, ANPH, PATH 1&2 (28 decks)

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