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Esthe > Skin Diseases And Disorders > Flashcards

Skin Diseases And Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Conditions of the skin are divided into categories

A

Lesions
Skin disorders, infections, and cancer

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2
Q

Lesions can be the first visible indicator of what

A

A disease and/or disorder

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3
Q

Lesions of no alert

A

Macule (freckles)
Pustules (pimple)

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4
Q

Lesions to use caution

A

Papule (wart) - use caution; do not perform extraction

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5
Q

Lesions to avoid treatment

A

Plaque (plaque psoriasis) - avoid treatment in affected area
Wheal (urticaria, insect bites)
Cyst (grade 2 acne)

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6
Q

Primary lesions def

A

Foundation of the disease and occur first

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7
Q

Secondary lesions def

A

Result of further irritation or progression of the disease

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8
Q

Secondary lesions are part of a _______ process; _____ healing

A

Disease
Wound

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9
Q

Secondary lesions no alert

A

Calluses (corns)

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10
Q

Secondary lesions to use caution

A

Psoriasis
Scar (cicatrix, healed wound, keloids)

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11
Q

Secondary lesions to avoid treatment

A

Crust (eczema, scab)
Excoriation (deep scratch, abrasion, acne excoriee)
Scales (calluses, psoriasis)

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12
Q

Hypertrophy def

A

Involves a non-malignant overgrowth or excess of skin (new growth)

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13
Q

Skin growths

A

Skin tag or acrochordon
Keratosis Pilaris
Actinic keratosis
Seborrheic keratosis
Xanthoma
Dermatosis papulosa nigra

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14
Q

Skin tag or acrochordon description

A

Small, elevated growth of skin are

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15
Q

Keratosis pilaris description

A

Buildup of cells on the epidermis

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16
Q

Actinic keratosis description

A

Common pre-malignant growths

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17
Q

Seborrheic keratosis description

A

Common wart-like growth

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18
Q

Xanthoma description

A

Lesion caused by abnormal lipid accumulation in the macrophage cells

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19
Q

Dermatosis Papulosa Nigra (DPN) description

A

Small dark bumps that usually appear on the face and neck

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20
Q

Vascular disorders def

A

Abnormalities related to capillary growth, bruising, or blood visible within epidermis

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21
Q

Vascular disorders can be caused by

A

Disease, trauma, or genetic abnormalities

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22
Q

No alert skin disorders

A

Angioma (cherry angioma)
Hemangioma
Port-wine stain (Nevus Flammeus)
Nervus Simplex

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23
Q

Skin disorders to use caution

A

Telangiectasia (dilated capillaries, rosacea)
Petechiae (thrombocytopenia - low blood platelets)

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24
Q

Skin disorders to avoid treatment

A

Purpura (thrombocytopenia)
Ecchymosis (bruising)

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25
Q

Pigmentation disorders are a result of

A

Abnormal melanocyte activity

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26
Q

Hyperpigmentation

A

Darker skin patches

27
Q

Hypopigmentation

A

Light or white skin patches

28
Q

Melanoderma def

A

Any hyperpigmentation caused by overactivity of melanocytes in epidermis

29
Q

Melanoderma can be triggered by

A

Overexposure to sunlight, overactivity of pituitary gland, circulation of hormones, disease, and medications

30
Q

Pigmentation disorders with no alert

A

Hyperpigmentation - areas of overactivity of melanocytes
Solar lentigo - appears larger and darker than a freckle (an ex of a macule)
Ephelides - commonly found on the face, neck, and chest and are considered macules

31
Q

Pigmentation disorders to use caution

A

Melasma - patches of brown discoloration on face; also referred to as chloasma
Acquired Nevus (mole) - benign growth that is a small, skin colored or brown-pigmented spot that may be raised and is symmetrical

32
Q

Leukoderma def

A

Hypopigmentation caused by decrease of melanocytes in epidermis

33
Q

Leukoderma no alert disorders

A

Hypopigmentation - loss of pigmentation in spots due to disease or trauma
Vitiligo - characterized by oval or irregular patches of white skin that do not have normal pigment
Albinism - congenital failure of the skin to produce melanin pigment

34
Q

No alert disorders of the sebaceous gland

A

Comedones - small bumps frequently found on the forehead and chain associated with acne
Seborrhea - condition caused by excess secretion of sebaceous glands
Asteatosis - condition of dry skin
Ichthyosis - persistent dry, scaly, thickened skin
Chalazion. - papule caused by occlusion of the sebaceous gland in eye area

35
Q

Disorders of the sebaceous gland to use caution

A

Milia - white, enclosed keratin-filled cysts; contain sebum, dead skin cells, and bacteria; form a hard ball beneath outer layer of skin
Steatoma - sebaceous cyst or wen; harmless subcutaneous tumor of sebaceous gland, filled with sebum
Acne - chronic, inflammatory disorder of the sebaceous glands; some forms have a genetic trigger
Grade 1 acne - mild non-inflammatory acne
Grade 2 acne - moderate acne

36
Q

Disorders of the sebaceous gland to avoid treatment

A

Grade 3 acne - severe acne
Grade 4 acne - cystic acne - refer to a physician
Acne excoriee - condition in which a person compulsively picks and squeezes at their acne lesions causing scabs and scars

37
Q

Blackheads def

A

Open follicle with a black surface plug that has been oxidized and discolored due to the sebum’s contact with the air

38
Q

Blackheads are also called

A

“Open comedo” (comedones)

39
Q

White heads (closed comedo) def

A

A plugged sebaceous gland with an opening that isn’t widely dilated

40
Q

No alert disorders of the sudoriferous glands

A

Hyperhidrosis - an over-production of perspiration
Bromhydrosis - medical condition sometimes called osmidrosis or body odor
Anhidrosis - an inability to sweat normally
Syringoma - sweat duct tumor

41
Q

Disorders of the sudoriferous glands to avoid treatment

A

Miliaria rubra- acute eruption of small red vesicles with burning and itching of the skin caused by excessive heat

42
Q

Chronic inflammation conditions

A

Dermatitis
Psoriasis
Eczema
Seborrheic dermatitis
Rosacea
Pseudofolliculitis
Pityriasis Rosea

43
Q

Inflammation disorders to use caution

A

Atopic dermatitis - inflammation of the skin (atopic=tendency for allergic reactions)
Eczema - inflammatory skin condition with an eruption of small vesicles and watery discharge
Rosacea - chronic inflammatory condition in which small capillaries of face, most commonly nose, cheeks, forehead, and chin, become dilated and inflamed
Psoriasis - chronic inflammatory conditions; classified into several subtypes

44
Q

Rosacea subtypes

A

Erythematotelangiectatic rosacea
Papulopustular rosacea
Phymatous rosacea
Ocular rosacea

45
Q

Inflammation disorders to avoid treatment

A

Contact dermatitis - inflamed, red, itchy, irritated skin on area in contact with substances client is allergic to
Seborrheic dermatitis - form of eczema with sebaceous gland involvement
Pseudofolliculitis barbae- medical term for razor bumps
Pityriasis rosea - viral rash that lasts 6-12 weeks
Urticaria - allergic reaction that products an eruption of inflamed wheals

46
Q

Skin infections are caused by

A

A pathogenic bacteria or virus entering body or skin, multiplying to the point of interfering with body’s normal state

47
Q

Common skin infections

A

Viral
Fungal
Bacterial

48
Q

6 signs of infections

A

Pain
Swelling
Redness
Local fever (heat)
Throbbing
Discharge

49
Q

Viral skin infections range from

A

Common to rare
Mild to severe

50
Q

Viral skin infections to avoid treatment

A

Herpes simplex - highly contagious virus that creates a chronic condition that lies dormant between outbreaks
Herpes simplex virus 1 - also called fever blisters or cold sores
Herpes simplex virus 2 - cause of genital herpes; transmitted by direct contact with the sores
Herpes zoster - like herpes, lesions are contagious until they have completely dried up and disappeared
Warts
Verruca

51
Q

Fungal skin infections can be represented as ____ and thrive in ______

A

Represented as a red, itchy, and/or peeling skin rash
Thrive in warm moist areas

52
Q

Fungal skin infections with no alert

A

Tinea versicolor - also called Pityriasis versicolor or tri-color yeast infection

53
Q

Fungal skin infections to avoid treatment

A

Tinea - medical term for ringworm, which is a contagious fungal disease characterized by a red circular patch of blisters
Candida albicans - common skin infection caused by overgrowth of yeast

54
Q

Tinea infections classified by location: capitis, corporis, manuum + pedis, unguium/onychomycosis

A

Capitis - scalp
Corporis - trunk and extremities
Manuum + pedis - hands and feet
Unguium/onycgomycosis - nails

55
Q

Bacterial skin infections to use caution

A

Folliculitis - infection in hair follicules caused by bacteria, shaving, or clothing irritation (avoid if active)

56
Q

Bacterial infections to avoid treatment

A

Impetigo - highly contagious infection caused by staphylococcus aureus bacterium or streptococcus; bacterium found in the throat and on the skin

Boils - appear in the dermal layer and epidermis; caused by painful infection of a hair follicle and adjacent subcutaneous tissue

Carbuncle - refers to a cluster of furuncles and is caused by an acute bacterial infection of several adjoining hair follicles and the adjacent subcutaneous tissue

Bacterial conjunctivitis - infection of the transparent membrane that lines the eyelid and eyeball; characterized by itching and redness (highly contagious)

Blepharitis - inflammation of the eyelid

Stye - infection of an oil gland in the eyelid

Cellulitis - bacterial infection of the dermis and subcutaneous tissue

57
Q

Infestations def

A

tiny parasites that invade the skin and/or the hair; leads to itching and rash in the case of scabies; highly contagious; services should not be performed until gone

58
Q

Infestations

A

Scabies - an infestation by a mite that burrows beneath the skin and lays eggs

Pediculosis - infestation of nits or head lice

59
Q

Pre-malignant growths or lesions description

A

Flat or raised; irregular in shape and border
Irregular color (black, brown, red, blue, or white)
Often asymmetrical; more than 6mm in size
If untreated, may develop into malignant lesions

60
Q

Malignant growths description

A

Cancerous
Irregular border or bleeds often; doesn’t heal well
Irregular color (black, brown, or red)
Can be anywhere on body

61
Q

Basal cell carcinoma description

A

Malignant lesion
Tends to appear translucent; irregular borders; tiny blood vessels running through it
Typically in sun-exposed areas (nose and eyes)

62
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma description

A

Irregular, crusted, red papule
Occurs in sun-exposed areas
May be an untreated actinic keratosis
Needs to be removed - will invade lymph nodes, affect all body systems, + spreads throughout body internally

63
Q

Malignant melanoma description

A

Most dangerous skin growth
Evolves from flat or raised pigmented lesions
Untreated = change in color, size, and shape
If lesions develop into a melanoma, a wide deep incision must be made (needs chemo for metastasis)

64
Q

What are the ABCDE’s of detecting skin cancer

A

Asymmetry - asymmetrical or inconsistent growth

Border - has a well-defined edge and does not “bleed”into the surrounding skin

Color - consistent; does not vary within the growth. Changes in color, multiple colors

Diameter - should be no larger than an eraser head on a pencil; growing rapidly

Evolution - evolving size, shape, and color (take a picture/circle)

Esthe (38 decks)

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