Skin Diseases And Disorders Flashcards
Conditions of the skin are divided into categories
Lesions
Skin disorders, infections, and cancer
Lesions can be the first visible indicator of what
A disease and/or disorder
Lesions of no alert
Macule (freckles)
Pustules (pimple)
Lesions to use caution
Papule (wart) - use caution; do not perform extraction
Lesions to avoid treatment
Plaque (plaque psoriasis) - avoid treatment in affected area
Wheal (urticaria, insect bites)
Cyst (grade 2 acne)
Primary lesions def
Foundation of the disease and occur first
Secondary lesions def
Result of further irritation or progression of the disease
Secondary lesions are part of a _______ process; _____ healing
Disease
Wound
Secondary lesions no alert
Calluses (corns)
Secondary lesions to use caution
Psoriasis
Scar (cicatrix, healed wound, keloids)
Secondary lesions to avoid treatment
Crust (eczema, scab)
Excoriation (deep scratch, abrasion, acne excoriee)
Scales (calluses, psoriasis)
Hypertrophy def
Involves a non-malignant overgrowth or excess of skin (new growth)
Skin growths
Skin tag or acrochordon
Keratosis Pilaris
Actinic keratosis
Seborrheic keratosis
Xanthoma
Dermatosis papulosa nigra
Skin tag or acrochordon description
Small, elevated growth of skin are
Keratosis pilaris description
Buildup of cells on the epidermis
Actinic keratosis description
Common pre-malignant growths
Seborrheic keratosis description
Common wart-like growth
Xanthoma description
Lesion caused by abnormal lipid accumulation in the macrophage cells
Dermatosis Papulosa Nigra (DPN) description
Small dark bumps that usually appear on the face and neck
Vascular disorders def
Abnormalities related to capillary growth, bruising, or blood visible within epidermis
Vascular disorders can be caused by
Disease, trauma, or genetic abnormalities
No alert skin disorders
Angioma (cherry angioma)
Hemangioma
Port-wine stain (Nevus Flammeus)
Nervus Simplex
Skin disorders to use caution
Telangiectasia (dilated capillaries, rosacea)
Petechiae (thrombocytopenia - low blood platelets)
Skin disorders to avoid treatment
Purpura (thrombocytopenia)
Ecchymosis (bruising)
Pigmentation disorders are a result of
Abnormal melanocyte activity
Hyperpigmentation
Darker skin patches
Hypopigmentation
Light or white skin patches
Melanoderma def
Any hyperpigmentation caused by overactivity of melanocytes in epidermis
Melanoderma can be triggered by
Overexposure to sunlight, overactivity of pituitary gland, circulation of hormones, disease, and medications
Pigmentation disorders with no alert
Hyperpigmentation - areas of overactivity of melanocytes
Solar lentigo - appears larger and darker than a freckle (an ex of a macule)
Ephelides - commonly found on the face, neck, and chest and are considered macules
Pigmentation disorders to use caution
Melasma - patches of brown discoloration on face; also referred to as chloasma
Acquired Nevus (mole) - benign growth that is a small, skin colored or brown-pigmented spot that may be raised and is symmetrical
Leukoderma def
Hypopigmentation caused by decrease of melanocytes in epidermis
Leukoderma no alert disorders
Hypopigmentation - loss of pigmentation in spots due to disease or trauma
Vitiligo - characterized by oval or irregular patches of white skin that do not have normal pigment
Albinism - congenital failure of the skin to produce melanin pigment
No alert disorders of the sebaceous gland
Comedones - small bumps frequently found on the forehead and chain associated with acne
Seborrhea - condition caused by excess secretion of sebaceous glands
Asteatosis - condition of dry skin
Ichthyosis - persistent dry, scaly, thickened skin
Chalazion. - papule caused by occlusion of the sebaceous gland in eye area
Disorders of the sebaceous gland to use caution
Milia - white, enclosed keratin-filled cysts; contain sebum, dead skin cells, and bacteria; form a hard ball beneath outer layer of skin
Steatoma - sebaceous cyst or wen; harmless subcutaneous tumor of sebaceous gland, filled with sebum
Acne - chronic, inflammatory disorder of the sebaceous glands; some forms have a genetic trigger
Grade 1 acne - mild non-inflammatory acne
Grade 2 acne - moderate acne
Disorders of the sebaceous gland to avoid treatment
Grade 3 acne - severe acne
Grade 4 acne - cystic acne - refer to a physician
Acne excoriee - condition in which a person compulsively picks and squeezes at their acne lesions causing scabs and scars
Blackheads def
Open follicle with a black surface plug that has been oxidized and discolored due to the sebum’s contact with the air
Blackheads are also called
“Open comedo” (comedones)
White heads (closed comedo) def
A plugged sebaceous gland with an opening that isn’t widely dilated
No alert disorders of the sudoriferous glands
Hyperhidrosis - an over-production of perspiration
Bromhydrosis - medical condition sometimes called osmidrosis or body odor
Anhidrosis - an inability to sweat normally
Syringoma - sweat duct tumor
Disorders of the sudoriferous glands to avoid treatment
Miliaria rubra- acute eruption of small red vesicles with burning and itching of the skin caused by excessive heat
Chronic inflammation conditions
Dermatitis
Psoriasis
Eczema
Seborrheic dermatitis
Rosacea
Pseudofolliculitis
Pityriasis Rosea
Inflammation disorders to use caution
Atopic dermatitis - inflammation of the skin (atopic=tendency for allergic reactions)
Eczema - inflammatory skin condition with an eruption of small vesicles and watery discharge
Rosacea - chronic inflammatory condition in which small capillaries of face, most commonly nose, cheeks, forehead, and chin, become dilated and inflamed
Psoriasis - chronic inflammatory conditions; classified into several subtypes
Rosacea subtypes
Erythematotelangiectatic rosacea
Papulopustular rosacea
Phymatous rosacea
Ocular rosacea
Inflammation disorders to avoid treatment
Contact dermatitis - inflamed, red, itchy, irritated skin on area in contact with substances client is allergic to
Seborrheic dermatitis - form of eczema with sebaceous gland involvement
Pseudofolliculitis barbae- medical term for razor bumps
Pityriasis rosea - viral rash that lasts 6-12 weeks
Urticaria - allergic reaction that products an eruption of inflamed wheals
Skin infections are caused by
A pathogenic bacteria or virus entering body or skin, multiplying to the point of interfering with body’s normal state
Common skin infections
Viral
Fungal
Bacterial
6 signs of infections
Pain
Swelling
Redness
Local fever (heat)
Throbbing
Discharge
Viral skin infections range from
Common to rare
Mild to severe
Viral skin infections to avoid treatment
Herpes simplex - highly contagious virus that creates a chronic condition that lies dormant between outbreaks
Herpes simplex virus 1 - also called fever blisters or cold sores
Herpes simplex virus 2 - cause of genital herpes; transmitted by direct contact with the sores
Herpes zoster - like herpes, lesions are contagious until they have completely dried up and disappeared
Warts
Verruca
Fungal skin infections can be represented as ____ and thrive in ______
Represented as a red, itchy, and/or peeling skin rash
Thrive in warm moist areas
Fungal skin infections with no alert
Tinea versicolor - also called Pityriasis versicolor or tri-color yeast infection
Fungal skin infections to avoid treatment
Tinea - medical term for ringworm, which is a contagious fungal disease characterized by a red circular patch of blisters
Candida albicans - common skin infection caused by overgrowth of yeast
Tinea infections classified by location: capitis, corporis, manuum + pedis, unguium/onychomycosis
Capitis - scalp
Corporis - trunk and extremities
Manuum + pedis - hands and feet
Unguium/onycgomycosis - nails
Bacterial skin infections to use caution
Folliculitis - infection in hair follicules caused by bacteria, shaving, or clothing irritation (avoid if active)
Bacterial infections to avoid treatment
Impetigo - highly contagious infection caused by staphylococcus aureus bacterium or streptococcus; bacterium found in the throat and on the skin
Boils - appear in the dermal layer and epidermis; caused by painful infection of a hair follicle and adjacent subcutaneous tissue
Carbuncle - refers to a cluster of furuncles and is caused by an acute bacterial infection of several adjoining hair follicles and the adjacent subcutaneous tissue
Bacterial conjunctivitis - infection of the transparent membrane that lines the eyelid and eyeball; characterized by itching and redness (highly contagious)
Blepharitis - inflammation of the eyelid
Stye - infection of an oil gland in the eyelid
Cellulitis - bacterial infection of the dermis and subcutaneous tissue
Infestations def
tiny parasites that invade the skin and/or the hair; leads to itching and rash in the case of scabies; highly contagious; services should not be performed until gone
Infestations
Scabies - an infestation by a mite that burrows beneath the skin and lays eggs
Pediculosis - infestation of nits or head lice
Pre-malignant growths or lesions description
Flat or raised; irregular in shape and border
Irregular color (black, brown, red, blue, or white)
Often asymmetrical; more than 6mm in size
If untreated, may develop into malignant lesions
Malignant growths description
Cancerous
Irregular border or bleeds often; doesn’t heal well
Irregular color (black, brown, or red)
Can be anywhere on body
Basal cell carcinoma description
Malignant lesion
Tends to appear translucent; irregular borders; tiny blood vessels running through it
Typically in sun-exposed areas (nose and eyes)
Squamous cell carcinoma description
Irregular, crusted, red papule
Occurs in sun-exposed areas
May be an untreated actinic keratosis
Needs to be removed - will invade lymph nodes, affect all body systems, + spreads throughout body internally
Malignant melanoma description
Most dangerous skin growth
Evolves from flat or raised pigmented lesions
Untreated = change in color, size, and shape
If lesions develop into a melanoma, a wide deep incision must be made (needs chemo for metastasis)
What are the ABCDE’s of detecting skin cancer
Asymmetry - asymmetrical or inconsistent growth
Border - has a well-defined edge and does not “bleed”into the surrounding skin
Color - consistent; does not vary within the growth. Changes in color, multiple colors
Diameter - should be no larger than an eraser head on a pencil; growing rapidly
Evolution - evolving size, shape, and color (take a picture/circle)
