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Esthe > Muscular System > Flashcards

Muscular System Flashcards

1
Q

What are muscles made of?

A

Fibrous tissues that contract when stimulated by messages from the nervous system

Muscles constitute 40-50% of the body’s weight.

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2
Q

What is myology?

A

The study of the structure, function, and diseases of the muscles

Myology encompasses various aspects of muscle health and performance.

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3
Q

What is the muscular system?

A

An organ system that includes all the muscle tissue in the body and is responsible for body movement

The muscular system plays a crucial role in overall bodily functions.

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4
Q

What is cardiac muscle?

A

The only muscle of its type that functions involuntarily

Example: Heart beating without a person’s intentional desire.

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5
Q

What defines voluntary or striated muscle?

A

Muscles that create movements based on intentional desire

Example: Raising an arm.

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6
Q

What is involuntary or non-striated muscle?

A

Muscles that respond automatically to control various body functions

Example: Increased breathing effort in a stressful situation.

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7
Q

What are the parts of a muscle?

A
  1. Origin
  2. Belly
  3. Insertion

Massage movements are generally performed from insertion attachment to origin attachment.

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8
Q

What is the origin of a muscle?

A

Portion of the muscle that is nonmoving (fixed)

The origin serves as the anchor point for muscle contractions.

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9
Q

What is the belly of a muscle?

A

The midsection of the muscle

The belly is where the muscle bulk is located.

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10
Q

What is the insertion of a muscle?

A

Portion of muscle joined to movable attachments such as bones

The insertion is crucial for muscle movement and function.

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11
Q

What are tendons?

A

Bands of fibrous tissue that attach muscle to bone

Tendons play a key role in transmitting force from muscles to bones.

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12
Q

What are ligaments?

A

Dense, strong bands of fibrous tissue that connect bones to each other

Ligaments provide stability to joints.

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13
Q

What are the functions of muscles?

A
  1. Body movement
  2. Involvement in functions of other body systems
  3. Support the skeleton
  4. Contouring of the body
  5. Thermoregulation

Muscles are essential for respiration, circulation, digestion, and reproduction.

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14
Q

Body movement function description

A

Voluntary contractions of skeletal muscle tissue; allows for movement of limbs and extremities

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15
Q

Involvement in functions of other body systems description

A

Muscles are required for basic functions - respiration, circulation, digestion, and reproduction

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16
Q

Support the skeleton description

A

The connection of bones through ligaments, muscles, and other connective tissues

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17
Q

Contouring of the body description

A

The way bones are connected and muscles are developed, give shape to the body

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18
Q

Thermoregulation description

A

Low body temp causes shivering, which creates an exothermic reaction in the muscles to make heat

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19
Q

What does ‘anterior’ mean?

A

‘Anterior’ means in front of.

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20
Q

What does ‘ventral’ refer to?

A

‘Ventral’ refers to the front surface.

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21
Q

What does ‘posterior’ mean?

A

‘Posterior’ means behind or in back of.

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22
Q

What does ‘dorsal’ refer to?

A

‘Dorsal’ refers to the back surface.

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23
Q

What does ‘superior’ mean?

A

‘Superior’ means located above or larger.

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24
Q

What does ‘inferior’ mean?

A

‘Inferior’ means located below or smaller.

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25
Q

What does ‘levator’ refer to?

A

‘Levator’ means lifts up.

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26
Q

What does ‘inversion’ mean?

A

‘Inversion’ means to bring inward.

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27
Q

What does ‘eversion’ mean?

A

‘Eversion’ means to bring outward.

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28
Q

What does ‘proximal’ mean?

A

‘Proximal’ means nearest to.

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29
Q

What does ‘depressor’ refer to?

A

‘Depressor’ means draws down or depresses.

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30
Q

What does ‘dilator’ mean?

A

‘Dilator’ means opens, enlarges or expands.

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31
Q

What does ‘flexion’ mean?

A

‘Flexion’ means to bend forward and make the angle smaller.

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32
Q

What does ‘distal’ refer to?

A

‘Distal’ means furthest away.

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33
Q

What does ‘extension’ mean?

A

‘Extension’ means to straighten or bend backward, making the angle bigger.

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34
Q

What does ‘medial’ mean?

A

‘Medial’ means toward the midline of the body.

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35
Q

What does ‘lateral’ refer to?

A

‘Lateral’ means toward the outer side of the body.

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36
Q

What is ‘pronation’ of the foot?

A

‘Pronation’ of the foot is the natural movement during walking and running where weight shifts to the outside of the foot and then back to the big toe.

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37
Q

What is ‘pronation’ of the hand?

A

‘Pronation’ of the hand is turning the hand from palm-up to palm-down.

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38
Q

What is ‘supination’ of the foot?

A

‘Supination’ of the foot is the rolling movement to the outside edge of the foot during a step; provides leverage to help roll off the toes.

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39
Q

What is ‘supination’ of the hand?

A

‘Supination’ of the hand is turning the hand from palm-down to palm-up.

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40
Q

What does ‘abduction’ mean?

A

‘Abduction’ means movement of the limbs away from the midline of the body or to move the fingers or toes away from each other.

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41
Q

What does ‘adduction’ refer to?

A

‘Adduction’ means movement of the limbs or hands toward or across the midline of the body or to bring the fingers or toes together.

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42
Q

What is the epicranium?

A

The ‘epicranium’ consists of all structures above the cranium, including muscle, skin, and aponeuroses.

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43
Q

What is the occipito frontalis?

A

‘Occipito frontalis’ or ‘epicranius’ covers the top of the skull; it is a broad muscle formed by two muscles joined by the aponeuroses tendon.

44
Q

What is the function of the frontalis muscle?

A

The ‘frontalis’ extends from the forehead to the top of the skull; it raises the eyebrows or draws the scalp forward.

45
Q

Where is the occipitalis muscle located?

A

The ‘occipitalis’ is located at the nape of the neck; it draws the scalp back.

46
Q

What is the visible part of the ear called?

A

Auricula

47
Q

What muscle is located in front of the ear?

A

Auricularis Anterior

48
Q

Which muscle is located above the ear?

A

Auricularis Superior

49
Q

What muscle is found behind the ear?

A

Auricular Posterior

50
Q

Name the four muscles inside the nose.

A
  • Nasalis
  • Dilator naris posterior
  • Dilator naris anterior
  • Depressor septi
51
Q

What is the function of the muscles controlling the nose?

A

Control contraction and expansion of nostrils

52
Q

Which muscle is located between the brows and controls brows drawing them in and downward?

A

Corrugator

53
Q

What muscle is above the eyelids and raises the eyelid?

A

Levator Palpebrae Superioris

54
Q

What is the function of the Orbicularis Oculi and where is it located?

A

Closes eyelid
Circles eye socket

55
Q

What muscle is located between the brows and draws them down and wrinkles area in between brows and upper part of the nose?

A

Procerus

56
Q

What is the function of the Nasalis muscle and where is it found?

A

Opens nostrils and wrinkles bridge of nose

Across bridge of nose

57
Q

Which muscle circles the mouth and puckers the lips? (Kissing or whistling)

A

Obicularis oris

58
Q

What is another name for Quadratus Labii Superiors?

A

Levator Labii Superioris

59
Q

What muscles are located above the upper lip and raises both nostrils and upper lip? (Expressing distaste)

A

Quadratus Labii Superiors

60
Q

What muscle pulls the lower lip down or to the side? (Expressing doubt)

A

Quadratus Labii Inferioris

61
Q

What muscle is located at the tip of the chin and pushes the lower lip up? (Expressing doubt)

A

Mentalis

62
Q

Which muscle draws the mouth up and out? (Grinning)

A

Risorius

63
Q

What is another name for Caninus muscle?

A

Levator Anguli Oris

64
Q

What muscle draws the corners of the mouth down? (Expressing sadness)

A

Triangularis

65
Q

What muscles draw the mouth up and back, often associated with laughing?

A

Zygomaticus major and minor

66
Q

What muscle compresses the cheek to release air outward? (Blowing)

A

Buccinator

67
Q

Which muscle is located above the corners of the mouth and raises the angle of mouth? (Snarling)

A

Caninus

68
Q

Mastication (chewing) muscles control

A

Opening and closing of jaw; enables us to chew and talk

69
Q

Temporalis location and function

A

Above and in front of the ear

Opening and closing jaw (chewing)

70
Q

Masseter location and function

A

Covers hinge of jaw

Aids in closing the jaw (chewing)

71
Q

Pterygoid muscles function and location

A

Help open and close the mouth; brings jaw forward or backward

Located in upper part of cheek and temporalis

72
Q

What is the location and function of the Platysma muscle?

A

Extends from tip of chin to shoulders and chest

Draws lower lip and corner of mouth sideways and down, partially opening the mouth

This can indicate surprise or fright.

73
Q

Where does the Sternocleidomastoid muscle extend from and what movements does it facilitate?

A

Extends along the side of the neck from ear to collarbone

Causes head to move side to side and up and down

Commonly associated with nodding yes or no.

74
Q

What shape is the Trapezius muscle, where is it located, and what are its primary functions?

A

Flat, triangular

Covers upper and back part of neck and shoulders

Aids in drawing head back and elevating shoulder blades

75
Q

Where is the Latissimus Dorsi muscle located, what is its shape, and what is its primary function?

A

Covers lumbar (lower back) and lower half of thoracic region

Flat, triangular

involved in swinging arms

76
Q

What is the primary function of the Pectoralis Major and Minor muscle?

A

Assists in swinging arms

It extends across the front of the chest.

77
Q

Which muscle is located under the arm and aids in lifting the arm and breathing?

A

Serratus Anterior

78
Q

What shape is the Deltoid muscle, where is it located, and what is its function?

A

Triangular-shaped

Covers shoulder

lifts arm or turns it

79
Q

Which muscle is the primary muscle in the front of the upper arm; raises forearm; bends elbow and turns palm of hand down?

A

Biceps

80
Q

What is the function of the Triceps muscle?

A

Controls forward movement of forearm

81
Q

What is the function of the Thenar Eminence? (Where is it found)

A

Controls movement of the thumb

It is a group of 3 muscles found in the palm at the base of the thumb.

82
Q

Where is the Hypothenar Eminence located and what does it control?

A

At the side of the palm, at the base of the little finger

controls its motion

83
Q

What is the function of the Brachialis muscle? (Where is it located)

A

Flexes forearm at elbow joint

Located in upper arm; It lies underneath the biceps muscle.

84
Q

What does the Brachioradialis muscle do and where is it located?

A

Flexes the forearm

Located between upper arm and forearm

85
Q

Where is the pronator teres located and what is its function?

A

Located on palm side of forearm before elbow

Rotates forearm palm-down

86
Q

What is the role of the Palmaris Longus muscle and where is it located?

A

Flexes wrist

It lies between the flexor carpi ulnaris and flexor carpi radialis.

87
Q

What does the Flexor Digitorum Profundus muscle do and where is it located?

A

Flexes fingers

It is located on the side of the forearm.

88
Q

What is the function of the Extensor Digitorum muscle and where is it located?

A

Extends the fingers

It extends from elbow to carpals on the back of the forearm.

89
Q

Where is the flexor carpi ulnaris located and what is its function?

A

Located above ulna bone

flexes and moves wrist inward

90
Q

What is the function of the Flexor Carpi Radialis muscle and where is it located?

A

Flexes and moves wrist outward

It is located above the radius bone.

91
Q

Where is the Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus muscle located and what is its function?

A

Located in the middle of the forearm

extends and abducts wrist

92
Q

Leg muscles assist in

A

Body movement, balance, and support

93
Q

Intrinsic muscles def

A

Within foot; responsible for motor movement (moving toes)

94
Q

Extrinsic muscles def

A

Originate outside of foot; responsible for movement (flexing foot)

95
Q

Where is the Tibialis anterior located and what is the function?

A

Covers front of shin

bends foot upward + inward

96
Q

Where is the gastrocnemius located and what is its function?

A

Back of leg attached to lower rear surface of heel

pulls foot down

97
Q

What is the origin and function of the soleus?

A

Originates in upper portion of fibula from just below knee to heel

bends foot down

98
Q

Which muscle originates in the upper 2/3 of the outer fibula and what does it do?

A

Peroneus Longus

bends foot + ankle down and out

99
Q

What is the origin of the peroneus brevis and its function?

A

Originates in lower third of fibula

bends foot down + out

100
Q

What is the role of the flexor digitorum longus and where is it?

A

Curls 2nd, 3rd, 4th, + 5th toes

Muscle on inside of the back of lower leg

101
Q

What does the extensor digitorum longus do and where is it located?

A

Bends foot up + extends toes

Located outside of lower leg

102
Q

What is the Achilles tendon, where is it located, and what is its function?

A

Largest tendon in body

at back of leg; joins muscles in back of leg

attaches to bone of heel

103
Q

What is the function of the flexor digiti minimi brevis and where is it located?

A

Flexes joint of small toe

Along base of small toe

104
Q

Where is the flexor digitorum brevis located and what is its function?

A

Across ball of foot beneath the toes

flexes toes

105
Q

What does the abductor hallucis do and where is it located?

A

Moves big toe away from other toes

Along interior border of foot

106
Q

What is the role of the abductor digiti minimi and where is it located?

A

Moves smallest toe away from other toes

Along outside border of foot; connects to the heel

Esthe (38 decks)

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