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Esthe > Principles Of Electricty > Flashcards

Principles Of Electricty Flashcards

1
Q

Electricity def

A

Form of energy that products light, heat, and magnetic and chemical changes

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2
Q

Electrons def

A

A flow of tiny, negatively charged particles

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3
Q

Electric current def

A

Flow of electrons that move along a path called a conductor

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4
Q

Conductors def

A

Material that best transports electricity
Best are silver and copper; others include metals, graphite, carbon, and water-containing ions

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5
Q

Insulators def with examples

A

Material that doesn’t allow current to pass through; conductor is contained in an insulator

Silk, plastic, rubber, wood, glass, paper, air, brick, cloth, liquid paraffin, and pure distilled water

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6
Q

AMP/ampere def

A

A unit of electric strength; the amp rating indicates the number of electrons flowing on a line

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7
Q

1 ampere = _______ milliamperes

A

1000

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8
Q

Volt/voltage def

A

A unit of electric pressure; measures how hard the electrons are being forced or pushed by the source

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9
Q

OHM def

A

A unit of electric resistance; every conductor has a specific rate at which it will allow electrons to move through it; tells how difficult to push electrons though

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10
Q

The amount of resistance in a conductor is determined by

A

Size, material, and temperature

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11
Q

Watt def

A

A measure of how much electrical energy or power is being used per second

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12
Q

1 watt is a ___ amount of energy

A

Small

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13
Q

1 kilowatt =______ watts

A

1000

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14
Q

Source of how electric current is produced

A

Provides the force to move electrons in the conducting material

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15
Q

2 common sources of electric current

A

Battery
Generator

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16
Q

Battery description

A

Has a positive and a negative terminal; produces only direct current

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17
Q

Generator description

A

Most often used in a salon/spa; produces alternating current; uses mechanical energy to produce a flow of electrons

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18
Q

Two conditions that must exist for electric current to be produced

A

A source and a circuit

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19
Q

Circuit def

A

Closed path through which the electrons travel

20
Q

Two types of circuits

A

Closed and open

21
Q

Closed circuit def

A

Path of electron flow from source to operate appliance

22
Q

Open circuit def

A

Path through which the electrons travel is broken

23
Q

Two ways circuits can be connected to power loads

A

Parallel wiring
Series wiring

24
Q

Parallel wiring def

A

More than one item can be plugged into the same circuit; each item can be run alone or at the same time

25
Q

Series wiring def

A

All loads run at the same time; circuit travels from one load to the next

26
Q

2 forms of electric current

A

Direct current (DC)
Alternating current (AC)

27
Q

Direct current description

A

Electrons move at an even rate only in one direction (ex: battery)
Used in electrotherapy devices (galvanic)

28
Q

Alternating current description

A

Most common current used in businesses and homes; electrons flow first in one direction and then in the other

Used in a high frequency device (tesla)

29
Q

The nameplate of an appliance tells you

A

Frequency (Hz) needed
Volts needed (120v or 240v)
Watts appliance consumes per second (100w, 200w, etc)

30
Q

What does an inverter do and an example

A

Changes direct current to alternating current

Mobile charger in car

31
Q

What does a rectifier do and what is an example

A

Changes alternating current to direct current

Block between your wall plug in and device

32
Q

What does a rheostat do and an example

A

Adjusts flow of current that can change volume or intensity of voltage

Dims lights; controls speed of motors

33
Q

What does a transformer do and an example

A

Transfers electricity by an oscillating magnetic field that connects two or more electrical circuits

Reduces high voltage electricity to lower voltage

34
Q

What does a capacitor do and an example

A

Stores an electrical charge
Unlike a battery, it releases energy quickly; does not produce new electrons

Lasers

35
Q

Polarity refers to

A

The negative and positive poles at the ends of a circuit

36
Q

Changes in polarity create

A

Waveforms

37
Q

Waveform def

A

Visual representation of the output current that varies in time, strength, and direction

38
Q

Waveform pulse is a combination of

A

Phases that make up a single portion of the waveform

39
Q

Rectangular waveform description

A

Pulse wave

Has constant amplitude over the pulse duration

40
Q

Square waveform description

A

Periodic waveform that instantly transitions between 2 levels of rise and fall times at a steady frequency

41
Q

Sinusoidal waveform description

A

Smooth wave

Linear wave motion with periodic rise and fall times in a motion that is up-and-down or side-to-side

42
Q

Saw-toothed waveform description

A

Periodic linear fave form in which the rise time and fall times at are different

43
Q

Triangular waveform description

A

Periodic linear waveform that has rise and fall times that are equal

44
Q

Overload circuit def

A

More current flows than the line is designed to carry

Fires can occur when an extension cord is used to attach four or five appliances to one wall outlet

45
Q

Short circuit def

A

Can occur anytime a foreign conductor comes in contact with a wire carrying current to an appliance

Dropping an appliance into water will cause the current to flow though the water causing a short circuit

46
Q

Safety measures of fuses

A

Cannot be reused

Contains a fine metal wire; allows current to flow through it

If overload occurs, fuse heats up and wire melts, breaking the circuit and cutting flow of electricity

Esthe (38 decks)

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