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Esthe > Building Blocks Of The Human Body > Flashcards

Building Blocks Of The Human Body Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomy and physiology def

A

Fields of study that identify body structures and how they’re organized to work together in systems

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2
Q

Anatomy def

A

Study of the organs and systems of the body

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3
Q

Physiology def

A

Study of normal organ function and body systems

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4
Q

Gross anatomy def

A

Study of body structures that can be seen with the naked eye

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5
Q

Histology/microscopic anatomy def

A

The study of how tissues are structures and how they work; its a look at structures too small to be seen except through a microscope

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6
Q

Pathology def

A

The science of the causes and effects of diseases

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7
Q

Cells def

A

The basic units of living matter; composed of a protoplasm (a colorless gel-like substance containing water, salt,and nutrients)

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8
Q

Structures of a cell

A

Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Cell membrane
Mitochondria
Ribosomes
Chromosomes

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9
Q

Nucleus description

A

Control center of cell activities
Connected to cell reproduction and metabolism
Contains DNA for human body’s genetic coding

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10
Q

DNA consists of how many chromosomes and carry what

A

46 chromosomes (23 pairs)
Carry genetic info to determine things from eye color to predisposition for certain diseases

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11
Q

Cytoplasm description

A

Production part of cell; most of cell activities take place here
Organelles store food for growth, as well as repair and restore the cell

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12
Q

Cell membrane description

A

Outer surface of cell
Double-layer, semi-permeable membrane
Maintains the shape of the cell

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13
Q

Mitochondria description

A

Organelles in the cytoplasm that take in nutrients, break them down and create energy molecules for the cell

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14
Q

ATP def

A

Adenosine triphosphate; energy molecules; role is to power all cellular activities

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15
Q

Ribosomes def

A

Found in the cytoplasm, they’re the protein builders of the cell

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16
Q

Chromosomes def

A

Thread-like structures inside the nucleus

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17
Q

Mitosis description

A

Cells grow and divide
Two new cells are produced that are identical

18
Q

The process of cell growth and division is called

A

The cell cycle

19
Q

Cell structures that move toward opposite ends of the cell during mitosis to help the cell split are called

A

Centrioles

20
Q

Meiosis description

A

Cell division that doesn’t create cells identical to parent
One cell divides twice, creating four “daughter” cells with half the genetic information as the original
Produces male and female gametes - sperm and ovum

21
Q

Metabolism def

A

Chemical process in which cells receives nutrients for growth and reproduction

22
Q

Two phases of metabolism

A

Anabolism
Catabolism

23
Q

Anabolism def

A

Process of building up larger molecules form smaller ones
Body stores water, food, and oxygen for cell growth and repair

24
Q

Catabolism def

A

Process of breaking down larger molecules or substances into smaller ones
Cells release energy necessary for body functions

25
Q

4 primary types of tissues

A

Epithelial
Nerve
Connective
Muscle

26
Q

Epithelial tissue def and example

A

Covers and protects body surface and organs

Skin, glands, heart lines, mucous membrane, respiratory, and digestive organs

27
Q

Nerve tissue def and examples

A

Coordinates body functions
Carries messages to and from the brain and spinal cord

Neurons (cells) that make up nerves, brain, and spinal cord

28
Q

connective tissue def and examples

A

Supports, protects, and holds the body together; gives contour to the body; allows for flexibility; collagen, elastin fibers, blood, lymph, and interstitial fluid are found

Bone, cartilage, ligaments, tendons, adipose (fat) tissue, and fascia (tissue that separates muscles)

29
Q

Muscle tissue def and examples

A

Contracts when stimulated to produce motion

Skeletal, smooth, or cardiac muscle

30
Q

Primary organs + descriptions (11)

A

Skin - forms the external protective layer of the body

Bones - contain marrow + create red blood cells

Cardiac muscle - allows the heart to pump blood throughout the body

Veins and arteries - carry blood throughout the body

Spleen - filters old/non-functional red blood cells from the body

Brain - controls body functions and synthesizes information

Stomach and intestines - digest food and removes waste

Large intestine - forms waste and toxins into stool

Lungs - exchange carbon dioxide for oxygen to feel cells

Pancreas - helps regulate blood sugar

Ovaries - produce ova/eggs

31
Q

Integumentary system function

A

Provides protection; regulates temperature, controls the sebaceous (oil) and sudoriferous (sweat) glands

32
Q

Skeletal system function

A

Provides framework and shapes the body

33
Q

Muscular system function

A

Allows for voluntary and involuntary movement of the body

34
Q

Circulatory system function

A

Circulates blood, oxygen, hormones, toxins, and transports lymph thought out the body

35
Q

Lymphatic system function

A

Collects waste products, including toxin, and transports lymph for excretion

36
Q

Nervous system function

A

Sends and recieves body messages

37
Q

Digestive system function

A

Converts nutrients to energy for the body

38
Q

Excretory system function

A

Eliminates waste/toxins form the body

39
Q

Respiratory system function

A

Provides exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide to feed cells and tissues

40
Q

Endocrine system function

A

Controls release of hormones that directly affect hair growth, skin conditions, and energy levels

41
Q

Reproductive system function

A

Determines sex-specific characteristics and allows for procreation

Esthe (38 decks)

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