Cardiovascular System Flashcards
The cardiovascular system is also called the
Circulatory system
The cardiovascular system includes the
Heart, blood, arteries, veins, and capillaries
The heart is about the size of ____ and is made almost entirely out of ______ ________
A closed fist
Cardiac muscle
Average resting heart rate
65-85 bpm
The heart is encased in a thick membrane called
Pericardium
What are the additional layers of the heart wall
Myocardium
Endocardium
Myocardium def
Thick, muscular, middle layer between the pericardium and endocardium
Endocardium def
Thin inner lining
The interior of the heart contains how many chambers divided by a thin muscular wall called the ______
Contains 4 chambers
Septum
The upper chambers consist of the right and left _____
Atrium
The lower chambers consist of the right and left _____
Ventricle
Blood circulates through the body bringing _______ and ______ to all body parts
Nourishment and oxygen
The blood carries ____ and ______ products to the liver and kidneys to be ______
Toxins and waste
Eliminated
The blood consists of
Red and white corpuscles (blood cells)
Platelets
Plasma
On average, an adult has _____ gallons of blood
1.2-1.5 gallons
Red bloods cells (RBCs) description
Also called erythrocytes or red corpuscles
Use hemoglobin to transport oxygen
When oxygen is being carried, blood = bright red
When oxygen is low, blood = scarlet red
White blood cells (WBCs) description
Also called leukocytes or white corpuscles
Fight bacteria and other foreign substances
When infection invades body, number increases
Blood platelets description
Also called thrombocytes
Responsible for the clotting of blood
Plasma description
Fluid part of the blood
Makes up 55% of the blood and consists of about 90% water
Blood vessels description
Transports blood to and from the heart ; then to various tissues of the body
Arteries description
Carries oxygenated blood (except for pulmonary artery)
Helps pump flow coming from the heart
What is the largest artery
Aorta
Artery vessel walls are
Thick
Veins description
Carries deoxygenated blood from capillaries to heart and lungs for cleaning and to pick up oxygen (except for pulmonary vein)
Vein vessel walls are
Thin
Veins are positioned closer to _____ ______
Outer surface
Thinner walls means
Less elastic than arteries
Veins contain cup-like valves to
Prevent back flow
Capillaries description
Also described as microscopic blood vessels; allows effective exchange of substances between blood and tissues
Takes nutrients and oxygen from arteries to cells
Takes waste products from cells to veins
Systemic or general circulation def
The two sides of the heart are separate, but they work together. Its the process of blood traveling from the heart, throughout the body and back to the heart.
Blood flow through the heart steps
Systemic circulation - to the heart
Pulmonary circulation - to the lungs
Systemic circulation - back to the heart
Systemic circulation - to the body
- Oxygen-poor blood enters the right atrium of the heart through the super vena cava and inferior vena cava
- From the right atrium, blood is pumped through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle
- From the right ventricle, blood is pumped into the pulmonary artery
- Blood travels though the pulmonary artery to the lungs where it’s oxygenated
- From the lungs, the newly oxygenated blood returns to the heart via the pulmonary vein and enters the hearts left atrium
- Blood is pumped from the left atrium to the left ventricle by the bicuspid valve or mitral valve
- Due to the valves located between the chambers, the blood flows in the one direction
- From the left ventricle, blood pumps through the aortic valve into the aorta
- Blood then flows from the aorta to other arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins
- Circulates through the body, only to return and begin the circulatory process again
Cardiovascular system is responsible for
Circulation of blood
Vital role in maintaining homeostasis
Veins lie ______to the surface of the skin and arteries are found ______
Veins lie nearer to the surface of the skin and arteries are found deep in the tissues
