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Esthe > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

The nervous system does what

A

Coordinates and controls the operation of the human body

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2
Q

The central nervous system is responsible for

A

All voluntary body action, thoughts, reasoning, facial expression, and the functions of the 5 senses

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3
Q

The CNS is composed of

A

Brain and spinal cord

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4
Q

The brain description

A

Controls the nervous system
Referred to as the “command center”
Average weighs ~45-49 ounces
Brain uses 20% of the total oxygen we inhale

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5
Q

The 2 major areas of the brain

A

Cerebrum or forebrain
Cerebellum

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6
Q

Cerebrum def/description

A

Large, rounded structure of the brain that occupies the upper, front part of the cranial cavity

Center of higher mental functions (thought, emotion, and memory)

Holds memories, allows planning, enables imagination, and thinking

Allows recognition of friends, reading books, and playing games

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7
Q

Cerebellum def and description and example

A

Appears as a wrinkled ball of tissue and regulates motor function, muscle movement, balance, respiration, and heart rate

Ex of use - playing piano or hitting a tennis ball

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8
Q

Spinal cord def/description

A

Composed of long nerve fibers

Originates in the base of the brain and extends to the base of the spine

Holds 31 pairs of spinal nerves that branch out to muscles, internal organs, and skin

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9
Q

Peripheral nervous system def and description

A

Any part of the nervous system that isn’t the brain or spinal cord

Network of nerve cells that carries messages to and from the central nervous system

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10
Q

The PNS is made up of the

A

Sensory (afferent) and motor (efferent) systems

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11
Q

Nerve cells description

A

Has a nucleus, cytoplasm, and membrane

Differ in appearance from other cells due to long PNS and short CNS threadlike fibers that extend from the cell that are called axons and dendrites

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12
Q

Axons def

A

Take information away from the cell body in the form of nerve impulses

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13
Q

Dendrites def

A

Bring information to the cell body

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14
Q

3 types of nerves

A

Sensory
Motor
Mixed

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15
Q

Sensory nerves function and location

A

Carry messages from tissues and organs to the brain and spinal cord

Located in the papillary area of the dermis

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16
Q

Receptors (sensory nerve endings) function

A

Send sensory messages (touch, temperature, sight, sound, taste, smell, pain, and pressure) to the brain

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17
Q

Motor nerves function

A

Carries messages from the brain to the muscles or glands

When the brain sends a message, motor nerves receive the message and cause a muscle to contract or expand

Motor nerves cross from one side of the body to the other at the top of the spinal cord

18
Q

Mixed nerves description/function

A

Sensory-motor nerves

Transmit messages in both directions at once

19
Q

Reflex action def

A

Interaction of sensory and motor nerves

20
Q

Autonomic nervous system def

A

Is part of the central nervous system and is responsible for all involuntary body functions (blinking, breathing, sweating)

Closely associated with the digestive, excretory, respiratory, circulatory, endocrine, reproductive, and integumentary systems

21
Q

The three subsystems of the ANS

A

Sympathetic
Parasympathetic
Enteric

22
Q

Sympathetic system function

A

Accelerates heart rate, constricts blood vessels, and raises blood pressure

23
Q

Parasympathetic function

A

Slows the heart rate, dilates blood vessels, and lowers blood pressure

24
Q

Enteric function

A

Governs the functions of the gastrointestinal track

25
Q

Nerves function

A

“Carry” the messages form the CNS to the rest of the body and back to the CNS

26
Q

How many cranial nerves are there

A

12

27
Q

Cranial nerves def

A

Connect the brain directly with other parts of the body (specifically face, head, and neck)

28
Q

Which cranial nerves are we most interested in

A

Fifth = trigerminal or trifacial
Seventh = facial
Eleventh = accessory

29
Q

The 12 cranial nerves and their controls

A
  1. Olfactory = sense of smell (sensory)
  2. Optic = sense of sight (sensory)
  3. Oculomotor = moves eye and constricts the pupil (motor)
  4. Trochlear = moves eye (motor)
  5. Trifacial = chief sensory nerve of the face (motor and sensory)
  6. Abducent = moves eye laterally toward the ear (motor)
  7. Facial = chief more nerve of the face (motor)
  8. Acoustic or auditory = sense of hearing and balance (sensory)
  9. Glossopharyngeal = sense of taste (sensory and motor)
  10. Vagus = motion and sensation of the ear, pharynx, and pneumogastric (sensory and motor)
  11. Accessory = movement of the Sternocleidomastoid and trapezius to turn the head and shrug the shoulders (motor)
  12. Hypoglossal = motion of the tongue (motor)
30
Q

The 3 divisions of the 5th cranial (trifacial) nerve

A

Ophthalmic
Maxillary
Mandibular

31
Q

Methods to stimulate muscular tissue and nerves

A

Massage
Electric current
Temperature

32
Q

Facial nerve (7th cranial) description

A

Emerges from the brain at the lower part of the ear; primary motor nerve of the face

Controls muscles of facial expression and sensation from the skin and tongue

33
Q

Digestive system def/description

A

Also known as the gastrointestinal system; breaks down food into chemical compounds that can be easily absorbed by cells or if not absorbed, eliminated from the body in waste

34
Q

The digestive system process (5)

A

Food is ingested

Enzymes secreted by salivary glands start breaking down the food

Food travels down the pharynx and through esophagus into the stomach - propelled by a twisting and turning motion of the esophagus = peristalsis

Partially digested food passes from stomach into the small intestine where assimilation of nutrients begins

Undigested food passes into the large intestine or colon which stores waste for eventual elimination

35
Q

Excretory system def/description

A

Works together with the lymphatic system; eliminates waste/toxins from the body in

36
Q

Organs in the excretory system

A

Skin
Liver
Kidneys
Large intestine
Lungs

37
Q

The skin description

A

Covers the body’s surface of nearly 20 sq ft

Body’s largest organ
Releases water, carbon dioxide, and other waste through sweat glands

38
Q

Liver description

A

Filters blood, metabolizing drugs and toxins

Regulates most chemical levels in the blood

Excretes bile, which helps break down fats, preparing them for further digestion and absorption — the liver converts and neutralizes ammonia from circularity system to urea, which is then carried, through the bloodstream, to the kidneys for excretion

39
Q

Kidneys description

A

Maintain fluid balance

Regulate and filter minerals and toxins

Regulate blood pressure

Receive urea from the liver and pass the urea through small tube-like structures called nephrons — these structures filter waste products and water, allowing usable nutrients to be reabsorbed into the blood

40
Q

Lungs description

A

Removes carbon dioxide

At the base of the lungs, tiny air sacs (alveoli) “take” the carbon dioxide off the red blood cells as the blood passersby and replace it with oxygen

41
Q

The respiratory system is made up of

A

Organs and tissues that help you breathe

Esthe (38 decks)

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