Matter Flashcards
Matter is
Anything that occupies space and has weight
Chemistry def
The scientific study of matter and the physical and chemical changes of matter
Organic chemistry def
All matter that is now living or was alive at one time with carbon present
Inorganic chemistry def
All matter that is not alive, has never been alive and does not contain carbon (rocks, water, and minerals)
Matter exists in 3 forms
Solid (matter that has definite weight, volume, and shape (skin))
Liquid (matter with definite weight and volume but no definite shape (lotions))
Gas matter with definite weight but indefinite volume and shape (oxygen))
Physical change def with examples
A change in the physical characteristics of a substance without creating a new substance
Melting ice/freezing water
Crushing a can
Mixing sand and water
Breaking glass
Shredding paper
Chemical change def with examples
A change in a substance that creates a new substance with chemical characteristics different from the original
Iron changing to rust (oxidation)
Electrical facials sebum changes into soap (saponification)
All matter consists of ______ which make up ______
Atoms
Elements
Elements def and how many are there
Basic pure substances that can’t be broken down into simplex substances
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Atom def
Smallest complete unit of an element
3 main parts of an atom
Protons
Neutrons
Electrons
Protons def
Have a positive electrical charge and the number of them identifies the type of atom
Neutrons
Have no electrical charge, they are neutral; found in the nucleus of every atom, except for simple hydrogen
Electrons def
Have a negative electrical charge; under certain circumstances, they make it possible for atoms to unite with other atoms to form bonds
The atomic number indicates
How many protons are in a single atom of a particular element
Stable atoms def
When the outer shell is not missing any electrons
Unstable atoms def and description
Outer shell is missing electrons
They seek other atoms with which they can share electrons to complete their outer shell
When they combine, they make more complex units (molecules)
Molecules def
Two or more atoms joined together by a chemical bond
Element vs compound
Element = atoms are the same (O2)
Compound = atoms are different (H2O)
Compound def
Two or more different atoms combined together
Chemical compound def
Chemically unwitting two different elements
They have their own unique chemical and physical characteristics
Physical mixture def
Two or more different substances are mixed but not combined chemically
What is the most abundant element in the earths crust and second most abundant element in earths atmosphere
Oxygen
What is the most abundant element in the universe
Hydrogen
What takes place any time a chemical reaction occurs
Oxidation-reduction reactions
Oxidation def
Substance loses an electron and oxygen is acquired
Reduction def
Substance gains an electron and oxygen is released
Three major biochemical compound groups in the body
Proteins
Carbohydrates
Lipids
- Proteins def
- What join in chains to form proteins
Help the body construct and renew itself
Amino acids
What is a bond uniting two amino acid groups
Peptide bond
Carbohydrates def
Used by the body to store energy and plays a key role in metabolism
Contains a combination of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen arranged in a chain
Saccharide def
Simple unit of a carbohydrate
Monosaccharide def
A single saccharide
Disaccharide def
Two saccharides linked together
Polysaccharides def
Many saccharides linked together
Lipids def and examples
Components that full the intercellular spaces in the skin; intercellular cement
Made up of hydrogen and oxygen
Ex: triglycerides, fats, and steroids
