Electrivity In Esthetics Flashcards
Thermal effect def and description
Produces heat or warmth
Friction generated from rubbing hands together creates a thermal or heating effect
Mild heat relaxes muscles and increases blood circulation
Intense heat destroys cells and tissue
Pyrolysis def
Thermal breakdown of the skin; evident when a blister forms on burned skin
Three ways heat can be transferred form one object to another
Conduction
Convection
Radiation
Conduction def
Transfer of heat via direct contact
Convection def
Transfer of heat via liquid or gas
Radiation def
Transfer of heat through a vacuum (empty space)
Effects of a steamer on skin
Moist heat increases desquamation
Activates enzymes used for exfoliation
Loosens trapped debris
Increases vasodilation of capillaries
Transferred by convection
Effects of the Lucas Spray Pulverizer on skin
Increases hydration by delivering herbal ingredients and moist heat
Increases vasodilation of capillaries
Transferred by convection
Effects of electric mask/heated mitts and booties on skin
Hydrate by enhancing product absorption
Increase vasodilation
Relax muscles
Transferred by conduction
Effects of high frequency on skin
Disinfection
Increase microcirculation
Transferred by conduction
Mechanical or magnetic effect
Transfer of mechanical energy flows from the motor to the attachment
Thermal devices
Steamer
Lucas spray pulverizer
Electric mask/heated mitts and booties
High frequency
Mechanical devices
Rotating brush
Vacuum spray
Microdermabrasion
Effects of rotating brush on skin
Loosens trapped debris
Exfoliates skin
Increases vasodilation of capillaries
Energy drives brush head
Effects of vacuum spray on skin
Balances pH by delivering toner to the skin
Loosens trapped debris Increases microcirculation
Energy drives motor to create airflow or vacuum
Attachments determine vacuum or spray action
Effects of microdermabrasion on skin
Exfoliates skin
Increases microcirculation
Energy drives motor to create airflow or vacuum
Attachments determine vacuum or spray action
Electrochemical effect def
Created when electric current travels through a solid electrode and liquid conductor
Electrochemical devices
Galvanic device
Microcurrent
Effects of a galvanic device on skin
Deep cleansing
Stimulation of microcirculation
Soothing and tissue tightening
Enhances product absorption
Reduction of erythema
Direct current uses active electrodes to deliver negative or positive charge; results based on charge
Anaphoresis def and charge
Desincrustation
Negative pole
Cataphoresis def and charge
Iontophoresis
Positive pole
Effects of microcurrent on skin
Tissue tightening
Stimulation of microcirculation and muscle motor points
Enhances product absorption
Soothes nerve endings
Direct current (modified) delivered with two electrodes
Movements performed with electrodes help determine results
Combination effect def
Achieved when two or more effects of electric energy are produced at the same time
Combination effect devices
Ultrasonic spatula
Multi-function machine
Ultrasonic spatula description
Aids in exfoliation (mechanical) while generating heat to increase microcirculation (thermal)
Multi-function machine description
Features a combination of different electrical units (steamer, brush, vacuum spray, and high frequency)
Electrotherapy def
Use of electricity for therapeutic purposes
Typical physical therapy results
Reduction in pain and edema (swelling)
Muscle and nerve stimulation
Esthetics electrotherapy devices improve the skin’s appearance by
Stimulation
Product application enhancement
Deep cleansing
Electrotherapy currents
Direct current
Alternating current
Pulse and frequency
3 types of direct current
Galvanic
Faradic
Pulsed direct current Alternating current
Galvanic def
Uninterrupted direct current; polarity varies
Used in galvanic devices and microcurrent devices
Faradic def
Interrupted direct current; visibly stimulates muscles
Used in electrical muscle stimulation devices (EMS)
Pulsed direct current def
Direct current with one polarity; varying intensities and waveforms
Used to stimulate muscles and in some microcurrent devices
Types of alternating current
Sinusoidal
High frequency
Sinusoidal def
Alternating current with sine waveforms and low frequency (<50 Hz)
Used in electrical muscle stimulation (EMS)
High frequency def
Alternating current with HF (<200,000 Hz)
Used in high frequency devices
Pulse def
Length of time that current is flowing
Used in conjunction with waveforms and frequency
Used in microcurrent and EMS
Frequency def
Number of electrical pulses delivered to the body in one second
Measured in kilohertz (kHz)
Phototherapy def
Light therapy
Produces beneficial effects on the skin
Electromagnetic radiation def
Energy in the form of waves or particles of electric and magnetic fields
The effects of light are dependent on
The device
Absorption in the skin
Wavelength
Photothermal def
Prolonged heating of tissues with light to cause ablation (removal or death of the tissue)
Ablation def
Removal or death of the tissue
Selective photothermolysis def
Selective heating and destruction within the tissue of chromophores (target_
Example of a photothermal device
IPL hair removal devices
Photochemical def and example
Reaction with light and molecules in the body that cause a chemical change or cellular stimulation
Formation of vitamin D within the skin
Photo-bio stimulation (photochemical reaction) def and ex
Relates to the use of a low-heat device to stimulate cellular processes
LED light therapy
Photomechanical def
Short pulses of light and heat break up target molecules
Light-tissue interaction def
Helps explain how light effects the body
light-tissue interaction on the skin happens as
Scattering
Reflection
Transmission
Absorption
Scattering def
Photons hit the surface and are scattered; depth of light penetration is limited
Reflection def
Photons hit the surface and bounce back
Transmission def
Photons penetrate the surface; skin color impacts the transmission
Absorption def
Photos are absorbed by chromophores in tissue; this generates heat or stimulates cellular processes
Concerns for photosensitivity
Medications
Disease
Topical products that can cause the skin to be more sensitive to light
Electromagnetic radiation def
Waves of electrons
Waves are measured from
The crest of one wave to the crest of another
Electromagnetic spectrum def
Range of all wavelengths produced by radiant energy
The shorter the wavelength, the ______ _______ the wave is carrying
More energy
10% of natural sunlight is composed of ________ rays beyond ______ (________ ____)
10% of natural sunlight is composed of invisible rays beyond violet (ultraviolet UV)
UV is responsible for
DNA damage and skin damage
White light def
Combination light
Types of combination light
Fluorescent
Incandescent
LED
Fluorescent light description
Economical and long-lasting light source
Can create “blue” tones or “cool” casts on the objects it lights, or on the same objects, warm/neutral casts
Can be irritating to some people
Incandescent light description
Produces redder tones or a warmer cast
Comes from an incandescent light bulb (not LED)
More expensive to operate and replace than fluorescent; creates closest substitute for natural sunlight
Can create excessive heat
LED light description
Available in neutral, cool, or warm casts
Come to full brightness with no need to warm up
Are close to being adopted as the mainstream light source
Esthetic professionals use invisible light to produce
Photothermal and photochemical effects
Types of invisible light
Infrared (IR)
Ultraviolet (UV)
Infrared light description and cautions
Increases circulation
Increases skin gland secretions
Relaxes muscles
Stimulates cell and tissue activity
Exposure times range from 5-15 min
Light should be placed ~30” away from face or body
Client is required to wear eye pads or protective eye forms
Ultraviolet light description and caution
Has a shorter wavelength and can be more damaging that IR light
Has positive and negative effects on the skin depending on exposure time
Small doses of UV light helps the body produce vitamin D
UV light is germicidal and can kill bacteria
Overexposure can result in skin cancer, dry or leathery skin, peeling, itching, wrinkling, sagging, and permanent discoloration
UVC wavelength description
Shortest length
Absorbed by the ozone
UVB wavelength description
“You will burn”
Shorter rays
Stimulates melanin production
Known as the burning rays
UVA wavelength description
“You will age”
Longest UV ray
Destroys collagen and elastin fibers
Known as the aging rays
Factors to consider with UV rays
Altitude
Latitude
Time of year
Time of day
