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2nd Semester Final > Skin Anatomy and Physiology Lecture Powerpoint > Flashcards

Skin Anatomy and Physiology Lecture Powerpoint Flashcards

mostly review, a little new

1
Q

What layer of epidermis contains melanocytes?

A

Stratum basale

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2
Q

What type of sudoriferous glands produce watery sweat?

A

Eccrine glands

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3
Q

Keratinocytes definition

A

Skin cells, the most common cell type in the epidermis composing the superficial layer of skin

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4
Q

What type of epithelium is the epidermis composed of?

A

Keratanized stratified squamous epithelium

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5
Q

2nd most common type of cell in epidermis

A

Melanocytes

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6
Q

The epidermis vs dermis vs hypodermis vascularity

A

The epidermis is avascular and relies on the vascular dermis to supply it, the hypodermis is even more vascular

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7
Q

Langerhan’s cells definition

A

Specialized epidermal cells that function immunologically

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8
Q

Merkel’s cells definition

A

Specialized epidermal cells that function to provide somatosensory function (light touch and discrimation)

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9
Q

Melanocytes definition

A

A specialized type of epidermal cells that function to produce melanin pigmentation in the skin

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10
Q

5 layers of epidermis from base up

A
  • stratum basale (germinativum)
  • stratum spinosum
  • stratum granulosum
  • stratum lucidum
  • stratum corneum
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11
Q

Statum basale

A

Innermost layer of epidermis consisting of single row of columnar stem cells (basal cells) that divide to form keratinocytes for stratum spinosum

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12
Q

Stratum spinosum

A

2nd deepest layer of epidermis composed of keratinocytes with sharp shapes forming bridges between each other

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13
Q

Stratum granulosum

A

3rd deepest layer of epidermis composed of cells that flatten and form granules in the cytopalsm creating a water proof barrier of the skin

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14
Q

Stratum lucidum

A

4th deepest layer of epidermis composed of thin layer of dead cells to reduce friction on thick skin

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15
Q

Stratum corneum

A

Most superficial layer of epidermis compsed of flat dead cells that shed biweekly

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16
Q

2 layers of the dermis and their characteristics

A

1) Papillary dermis - thin layers of collagen popping into the epidermis
2) Reticular dermis - deep, dense, irregular collagen

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17
Q

4 things that arise from the dermis

A
  • hair follicles
  • erector pili muscles
  • sebaceous glands
  • sudoriferous glands
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18
Q

Sebaceous glands

A

Glands associated with hair follicles that secrete oil onto hair surface

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19
Q

Eccrine (merocrine) sweat glands, what stimulation are they from sympathetic NS?

A

Produce watery sweat not associated with hair follicles all around the body stimulated by heat and cholinergic SANS stimulation

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20
Q

Apocrine sweat glands, what stimulation are they from sympathetic NS?

A

Thick milky sweat glands that leads to extensive odor and is concentrated in axilla, perianal and genital regiions, associated with hair follicles and activated by adrenergic SANS from stress or sex stimulation

21
Q

Dermis and blood shunting

A

When body is hot, vasodilation occurs shunting blood to the skin surface to lose heat to surrounding area, and inverse in the cold

22
Q

Meissner’s and Vater pacini corpuscles

A

Specialized nervee cells that transmit sensations of touch and pressure via mechanoreceptors found in the dermis

23
Q

Histiocytes

A

Wantering macrophages of the dermis

24
Q

Mast cells location and function

A

Primarily located in the dermis around blood vessels, manufacture and release histamine

25
Q

Hypodermis

A

Connection area between skin and underlying fascia, houses larger blood vessels and nerves,, and plays a pprominent role in regulation of temp of the skin

26
Q

When getting a skin biopsy, it is important to get…..

A

….all the layers down to the subQ tissue to determine how deep the lesion has invaded into other tissue

27
Q

3 major funcitons of skin

A
  • barrier against environment
  • barrier against water loss
  • fluid and temp regulation
28
Q

Progression of diabetic ulceration injury

A
  • Shooting or sharp burning pain in the foot due to decreased blood supply to the nerves
  • loss of sensation completely (nerve death)
  • cannot sense ulceration injury
29
Q

4 phases of skin injury repair

A
  • coagulation
  • inflammation
  • proliferation
  • remodeling
30
Q

Epidermopoiesis definition and what stimulates it and inhibits it?

A

The process by which new skin cells are produced

Stimulated by androgens and vit A
(topical retinoids)
Inhibited by glucocorticoids (steroids to treat psoriasis and eczema)

31
Q

What causes greasy hair?

A

Sebaceoous gland secretion onto hair shaft

32
Q

Hair matrix

A

Group of rapidly mitotic cells that lie deep in the dermis to form the hair shaft, has nervous sensation and is thus painfult o pull

33
Q

Hair shaft

A

The hair proper, composed of dead protein resulting in no nervous ssensation when cut

34
Q

Terminal airs

A

Thick pigmented hair that is androgen sensitive!!!!

35
Q

Vellus hairs

A

Short, fine, nonpigmented hair that covers much of the body and is not androgen dependant

36
Q

Lanugo hairs

A

Fine hair found on the fetus and some anorexics normally shed and replaced with vellus hair within months

37
Q

The sensation of a hair being stimulated is different from…

A

….the nerves that detect light touch on skin

38
Q

Random growth pattern of human hair

A

Refers to the fact that human hair does not grow cyclically or seasonally but terminal hair is influence by androgens and reaches a definitive lenght before being shed and replaced by new hair

39
Q

Anagen stage

A

Stage of active hair growth

40
Q

Catagen stage

A

Transitional stage from active growth to cessation

41
Q

Telogen stage

A

Stage of hair growth cessation and beginning of shedding, once completed returns to anagen stage

42
Q

Nail root

A

Germinal atrix beneath skin in proximal portion of fingernail and extending into base of nail, the source of proliferatiion

43
Q

Lunula

A

Crecent shaped dome at base of nail

44
Q

Nail bed

A

Flesh beneath nail, contains blood vessels, nerves, and melanocytes (can still get melanoma!)

45
Q

Nail plate

A

Actual fingernail, made of transulcentt keratin

46
Q

Eponychium

A

Cuticle, skin of the finger and the fusing of that with the nail to provide a wataerproof barrier at the base of the nail

47
Q

Paronychium

A

Lateral nail folds, skin that lies over the nail plate on its sides

48
Q

Hyponychium

A

Area between nail plate and fingertip, provides waterproof barrier for nail

2nd Semester Final (207 decks)

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