Skin Anatomy and Physiology Lecture Powerpoint

Question 1

What layer of epidermis contains melanocytes?

Answer 1

Stratum basale

Question 2

What type of sudoriferous glands produce watery sweat?

Answer 2

Eccrine glands

Question 3

Keratinocytes definition

Answer 3

Skin cells, the most common cell type in the epidermis composing the superficial layer of skin

Question 4

What type of epithelium is the epidermis composed of?

Answer 4

Keratanized stratified squamous epithelium

Question 5

2nd most common type of cell in epidermis

Answer 5

Melanocytes

Question 6

The epidermis vs dermis vs hypodermis vascularity

Answer 6

The epidermis is avascular and relies on the vascular dermis to supply it, the hypodermis is even more vascular

Question 7

Langerhan’s cells definition

Answer 7

Specialized epidermal cells that function immunologically

Question 8

Merkel’s cells definition

Answer 8

Specialized epidermal cells that function to provide somatosensory function (light touch and discrimation)

Question 9

Melanocytes definition

Answer 9

A specialized type of epidermal cells that function to produce melanin pigmentation in the skin

Question 10

5 layers of epidermis from base up

Answer 10

• stratum basale (germinativum)
• stratum spinosum
• stratum granulosum
• stratum lucidum
• stratum corneum

Question 11

Statum basale

Answer 11

Innermost layer of epidermis consisting of single row of columnar stem cells (basal cells) that divide to form keratinocytes for stratum spinosum

Question 12

Stratum spinosum

Answer 12

2nd deepest layer of epidermis composed of keratinocytes with sharp shapes forming bridges between each other

Question 13

Stratum granulosum

Answer 13

3rd deepest layer of epidermis composed of cells that flatten and form granules in the cytopalsm creating a water proof barrier of the skin

Question 14

Stratum lucidum

Answer 14

4th deepest layer of epidermis composed of thin layer of dead cells to reduce friction on thick skin

Question 15

Stratum corneum

Answer 15

Most superficial layer of epidermis compsed of flat dead cells that shed biweekly

Question 16

2 layers of the dermis and their characteristics

Answer 16

1) Papillary dermis - thin layers of collagen popping into the epidermis
2) Reticular dermis - deep, dense, irregular collagen

Question 17

4 things that arise from the dermis

Answer 17

• hair follicles
• erector pili muscles
• sebaceous glands
• sudoriferous glands

Question 18

Sebaceous glands

Answer 18

Glands associated with hair follicles that secrete oil onto hair surface

Question 19

Eccrine (merocrine) sweat glands, what stimulation are they from sympathetic NS?

Answer 19

Produce watery sweat not associated with hair follicles all around the body stimulated by heat and cholinergic SANS stimulation

Question 20

Apocrine sweat glands, what stimulation are they from sympathetic NS?

Answer 20

Thick milky sweat glands that leads to extensive odor and is concentrated in axilla, perianal and genital regiions, associated with hair follicles and activated by adrenergic SANS from stress or sex stimulation

Question 21

Dermis and blood shunting

Answer 21

When body is hot, vasodilation occurs shunting blood to the skin surface to lose heat to surrounding area, and inverse in the cold

Question 22

Meissner’s and Vater pacini corpuscles

Answer 22

Specialized nervee cells that transmit sensations of touch and pressure via mechanoreceptors found in the dermis

Question 23

Histiocytes

Answer 23

Wantering macrophages of the dermis

Question 24

Mast cells location and function

Answer 24

Primarily located in the dermis around blood vessels, manufacture and release histamine

Question 25

Hypodermis

Answer 25

Connection area between skin and underlying fascia, houses larger blood vessels and nerves,, and plays a pprominent role in regulation of temp of the skin

Question 26

When getting a skin biopsy, it is important to get.....

Answer 26

....all the layers down to the subQ tissue to determine how deep the lesion has invaded into other tissue

Question 27

3 major funcitons of skin

Answer 27

- barrier against environment - barrier against water loss - fluid and temp regulation

Question 28

Progression of diabetic ulceration injury

Answer 28

- Shooting or sharp burning pain in the foot due to decreased blood supply to the nerves - loss of sensation completely (nerve death) - cannot sense ulceration injury

Question 29

4 phases of skin injury repair

Answer 29

- coagulation - inflammation - proliferation - remodeling

Question 30

Epidermopoiesis definition and what stimulates it and inhibits it?

Answer 30

The process by which new skin cells are produced Stimulated by androgens and vit A (topical retinoids) Inhibited by glucocorticoids (steroids to treat psoriasis and eczema)

Question 31

What causes greasy hair?

Answer 31

Sebaceoous gland secretion onto hair shaft

Question 32

Hair matrix

Answer 32

Group of rapidly mitotic cells that lie deep in the dermis to form the hair shaft, has nervous sensation and is thus painfult o pull

Question 33

Hair shaft

Answer 33

The hair proper, composed of dead protein resulting in no nervous ssensation when cut

Question 34

Terminal airs

Answer 34

Thick pigmented hair that is androgen sensitive!!!!

Question 35

Vellus hairs

Answer 35

Short, fine, nonpigmented hair that covers much of the body and is not androgen dependant

Question 36

Lanugo hairs

Answer 36

Fine hair found on the fetus and some anorexics normally shed and replaced with vellus hair within months

Question 37

The sensation of a hair being stimulated is different from...

Answer 37

....the nerves that detect light touch on skin

Question 38

Random growth pattern of human hair

Answer 38

Refers to the fact that human hair does not grow cyclically or seasonally but terminal hair is influence by androgens and reaches a definitive lenght before being shed and replaced by new hair

Question 39

Anagen stage

Answer 39

Stage of active hair growth

Question 40

Catagen stage

Answer 40

Transitional stage from active growth to cessation

Question 41

Telogen stage

Answer 41

Stage of hair growth cessation and beginning of shedding, once completed returns to anagen stage

Question 42

Nail root

Answer 42

Germinal atrix beneath skin in proximal portion of fingernail and extending into base of nail, the source of proliferatiion

Question 43

Lunula

Answer 43

Crecent shaped dome at base of nail

Question 44

Nail bed

Answer 44

Flesh beneath nail, contains blood vessels, nerves, and melanocytes (can still get melanoma!)

Question 45

Nail plate

Answer 45

Actual fingernail, made of transulcentt keratin

Question 46

Eponychium

Answer 46

Cuticle, skin of the finger and the fusing of that with the nail to provide a wataerproof barrier at the base of the nail

Question 47

Paronychium

Answer 47

Lateral nail folds, skin that lies over the nail plate on its sides

Question 48

Hyponychium

Answer 48

Area between nail plate and fingertip, provides waterproof barrier for nail