Key Dermatological Terms

Question 1

Sarcoidosis

Answer 1

An idiopathic inflammatory disease affecting and spreading to many organs thru the body, often presents with hilar lymphadenopathy and painful lesions on the anterior surface of the legs

Question 2

Erythema nodosum

Answer 2

An idiopathic inflammatory disease affecting primarily the skin in the front of the legs below the knees causing very painful macules

Question 3

Wegener’s granulomatosis

Answer 3

Autoimmune inflammatory disease of the blood vessels that has a distinct saddle nose appearance

Question 4

Xanthelasma (hyperlipoproteinemia)

Answer 4

Sharp demarcated deposits of cholesterol underneath the skin, usually near the eyelids, usually not painful or problematic

Question 5

Kawasaki’s disease

Answer 5

Inflammation of blood vessels often seen in children less than 5 years old, presents with a week of high fever, bilateral conjunctivitis, strawberry tongue, cervical lymphadenopathy and plaque-like rash on trunk and proximal extremities.

Question 6

Rheumatic fever

Answer 6

A severe infection affecting multiple organ systems from improperly treated previous infections, appears with a painless rash often?

Question 7

Acanthosis nigricans

Answer 7

Characterized by dark discoloration of body folds and creases seen in obese or diabetic patients

Question 8

Carcinoid

Answer 8

Slow growing tumor that initially presents with flushing and diarrhea onset

Question 9

Cowden’s disease

Answer 9

Sees development of multiple noncancerous growths called hamartomas that are associated with development of breast and thyroid cancer

Question 10

Dermatitis herpatiformis

Answer 10

A rare autoimmune rxn characterized by pruritic blisters on elbows, knees, buttocks, scalp that is associated with diseases such as celiac disease

Question 11

Peutz Jegher’s syndrome

Answer 11

Genetic disorder causing benign hyperpigmented macules on lips and mucosa

Question 12

Kaposi sarcoma

Answer 12

Cancerous growth of patches underneath skin, caused often 2ndary to untreated HIV infection

Question 13

Infective endocarditis

Answer 13

From infection of the endocardium, can see janeway lesions (spots on palms and soles), oslers nodes (painful red lesions on hands and feet), and splinter hemorrhages (tiny blood spots under nails)

Question 14

Meningococcemia (purpura fulmicans)

Answer 14

Infection caused by niesseria meningi causing systemic symptoms with skin rash that later becomes petechiae and ecchymoses

Question 15

Erythema chronicum migrans

Answer 15

Lyme disease, bullseye rash present after being bitten by a tick carrying disease

Question 16

Erythema multiforme

Answer 16

A diffuse rash in response to meds, disease, etc. that causes target lesion development

Question 17

Steven johnson syndrome

Answer 17

An emergency reaction to medication or disease that causes red/purple purpura rash to spread systemically

Question 18

Hemochromatosis

Answer 18

Excess iron causing skin discoloration, diabetes, and left bundle branch blocks if untreated

Question 19

Psoriasis

Answer 19

Pruritic scaly rash that stings and is dry

Question 20

Neurofibromatosis

Answer 20

A genetic condition that causes tumors to form on nervous tissue, skin can see pigmentation and freckling

Question 21

Pityriasis rosacea

Answer 21

An unknown triggered rash that begins as a large oval patch before a fawn colored generalized rash appears, spontaneously resolves in 6 weeks, common and harmless

Question 22

Dermatomyositis/polyomyositis

Answer 22

Acquired muscle myopathy causing inflammation, occurs after helliotrope rash (periorbital) occurance

Question 23

Schleroderma

Answer 23

Hardening and tightening of skin often seen in women 30-50, co-occurs with raynauds often

Question 24

Atopic dermatitis

Answer 24

Flares of itchy red skin due to exposure that often co-occurs with asthma

Question 25

Diascopy

Answer 25

Pressing of the skin with a glass slide to detect blanching and nonblanching lesions

Question 26

Whorled appearance

Answer 26

Appearing wave like or stirred