Lipid Disorders Lecture Powerpoint Flashcards
fuck me jerry
Genetic dyslipidemia
Genetic predisposition to excessive LDL levels regardless of diet and lifestyle often (not due to obesity or other controllable circumstances)
LDL
Low density lipoprotein, a source of vascular disease thru deposition in the form of plaque buildup on vessel walls
HDL
High density lipoprotein, act via reverse transport mechanism of LDL deposition removing plaque buildup and bringing it back to the liver, acting cardioprotective against heart disease
Fatty streak development
Intracellular lipid accumulation in the early stage progression of atherosclerosis, often seen in ages 4-5 in about 50% of patients and indicative of slight increasing endothelial dysfunction (but does not manifest with any clinical symptoms and is clinically “silent”)
Stable plaque vs vulnurable plaque
Stable - a buildup of cholesterol that has fibrous scar tissue forming around it as well as migrating smooth muscle tissues that narrow the lumen of the artery (fibrous plaque)
Vulnurable - occurs in more advanced stages of atherosclerosis, where scar tissue has calcified over and if endothelium is damaged collagen is exposed causing platelets to aggregate and clot forming a thrombus at risk for embolism
Arteriosclerosis
General term for several diseases resulting from hardening of the arteries either by atherosclerosis (plaque deposition) arteriosclerosis (prolonged hypertension, DM), or monckeberg’s arteriosclerosis (Ca2+ deposition in small to med sized arteries)
Atherosclerosis
Most common type of arteriosclerosis and caused by fatty tissue deposition and plaque formation that eventually calcifies over
Leading cause of death in US
Coronary heart disease
Vascular dimentia
A potential consequence of atherosclerosis occlusion resulting in chronic decreased blood flow to the brain, other causes could be acute episodes such as stroke, hypoxia, etc.
Ethnicity and coronary heart disease and theory as to what impacts it
Blacks and hispanics > whites, thought to be due to increased obesity and diabetes levels in these populations
Dyslipidemia definition
Elevated plasma conc. of either total or LDL cholesterol, or low HDL, can be primary (genetic) but can also be secondary
Funduscopic exam for heart disease
One of the only spots in the body we can visualize vessels and potential plaque build up, a staple of work up for heart disease as allows for visualization of dilated or broken vessels as well as fatty streak deposition
Xanthelasma/tendon xanthomas
A condition seen in primary genetic dyslipidemia leading to cutaneous manifestations of cholesterol deposits on the joints and palms (and eyelids lol)
Most common familial hyperlipidemia and what is elevated?
Type IIa, LDL
Most common hyperlipidemia in those with metabolic disorders and what is elevated?
Type IIb, LDL and VLDL
Most common hyperlipidemia in diabetics and what is elevated?
type IV, VLDL
Primary vs secondary dyslipidemia (3 things that can cause secondary elevated LDL)
Primary is genetic, Secondary is due to other underlying conditions such as DM, steroid treatment, and thyroid disease
2 medications that can cause 2ndary elevation of triglyceride or drop in HDL
- B blockers
- thiazide diuretics
Metabolic syndrome
A condition characterized by 3 of the following
- abdominal obesity (>40 inch males and 35 inch in females)
- HDL below 40mg/dL male and 50mg/dL female
- hypertension >130/85mmHg
- elevated fasting glucose to either pre-diabetic (>110mg/dL) or diabetic stage (>125mg/dL)
Fasting lipid profile
A sampling with no food for 12 hours before to measure total cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL, and triglycerides
Before we could request directly measured LDL, had to calculate LDL-C using this formula
LDL-C=TC-HDL-(trig/5)
Apolipoprotein B100 serum lab study and healthy values
Measurement test of secondary marker for LDL measuring a substrate of LDL indicating risk of developing cardiovascular disease, with normal values below 100mg/dL
___LDL particles are more atherogenic than ___ ones
Smaller, larger
Lpa serum lab study
A measurement test that detects levels of lipoprotein a, a component in HDL and LDL in blood, elevated value puts at risk for foam cell development and decreased thrombolysis putting them at higher risk for cardiovascular disease