Adult and Geriatric Psychological Development Lecture Powerpoint Flashcards
Erikson’s 8 distinct stages of personality development
Idea that each stage of life psychosocial crisis that has a positive or negative effect on personality
Generativity vs stagnation (the 7th stage of personality development)
Occurs in middle adulthood (40-65 years) where generativity is “making your mark” by creating things that last beyond your lifetime vs stagnation by being focused on self interest/indulgence with no interest in people or environment around them
Integrity vs Despair (the 8th stage of personality development)
Integrity is reflecting back on life and accomplishments and being proud of achievements, satisfied with life, etc. vs despair is reflecting back on life and accomplishments and focusing on failures and having regret
Carl Jung and the midlife crisis
Known as the founder of psychology of adult development and aging, identified the midlife crisis as a critical transition period from the 1st half of life (focused on establishing self) and the 2nd half (searching for meaning)
Daniel Levinson’s “life structure”
Idea that there is an underlying pattern of one’s life at any given moment created by key decisions made during transitional periods with 2 components to each stage (stable - making a crucial decision and transitional - end of one stage beginning next one), and balance of internal needs with external demands creates conflicts.
Robert Peck
Expanded on stage 8 (integrity vs despair) of Erikson, focused on psychological developments necessary for healthy adaptation to aging (such as valuing wisdom over physical powers)
George Vaillant’s 6 adult tasks necessary for maturity
- Development of identity (separation of adolescent from parents)
- Development of intimacy (expanding sense of self to include another person)
- Career consolidation (finding career valuable to self and society)
- Generativity (being in a relationship but not in control)
- Becoming keepr of the meaning (passing traditions to next generation)
- Achieving integrity (peace about life and world as they exist)
Social clock
Idea that there is culturally preferred timing for certain life events such as job, leaving home, retirement, etc.
Narrative psychology
Idea that humans construct stories to deal with experiences, that human activity/life experiences are filled with meaning and there are implications behind the stories, that there is a development of self that is continuous as one constructs own life’s story
Carol Ryff’s 6 dimensions of well being
- Self acceptance of both good and bad
- Control over one’s surroundings (influence one’s environment and adapt to difficult circumstances)
- Positive relationships with others
- Autonomy
- Personal growth
- Life purpose
Costa and Mccrae’s 5 basic dimensions of personality and acronym to remember them by
-Extraversion (includes excitability, sociability, etc)
-Agreeableness (attributes such as trust, altruism, affection)
-Conscientiousness (thoughtful and good impulse control)
-Neuroticism (instability, anxiety)
-Openess (imagination and insight)
OCEAN
Marital Satisfaction in midlife and 2 critical factors
U shaped curve, high during honeymoon and declines during childraising years then increases again in late adulthood
-# of children and finances (too few resources for number of children) however sometimes departure of last child can create more stress
Midlife divorce
Long standing marriages are less likely to break up, most divorces largely limited to young adulthood, most occur in the first 10 years, those who divorce late have more difficulty adjusting to changes and less hope for the future
Divorce and grown children sees which parental child relationship to be most affected?
Father child
“The empty nest” effect
Varied reactions based on last child leaving home, can be traumatic or liberating but tends to be better for those who prepare for the event (bring up hobbies, personal development, etc)
“The cluttered nest”
Relatively common tendency for children to move back home for a period often more than once
Sandwich generation
Middle age parents who have living parents themselves and get caught up in caring for both
Skip generation family
Occurs when grandparents have a grandchild and are complete guardians for them often when the parents are not present in these situations
Cognitive appraisal theory
Idea that an individual’s interpretation of an event determines their emotional reaction
Neugarten’s 4 styles of aging
Integrated (function well, high satisfaction) Armor defended (achievement oriented, striving) Passive dependent (apathetic) Unintegrated (disorganized, little control over emotions)
Selective optimization with compensation
Idea that successful aging depends on having goals to guide development and resources throughout life and that the aging brain compensates for loss by selectively optimizing or making best of other abilities
Cultural variation on the relationship between society and the aging process
Japan has respect for the aged day
China respect for elderly is law
Vietnam has elders be head of family
Latinos and African Americans more likely to live with relatives
Europeans and Americans are 2x likely to institutionalize their elderly
Effects of institutionalization on the elderly
- Loss of sense of identity and autonomy
- Reduction of ADLs
- Worsening cognition
- Sense of abandonment by family and friends
- Sense of loss of freedom, privacy, community
- Depression
2 most common psychiatric diseases in the elderly
- Dementia
- Depression
___ fraction of seniors abused each year, ___ fraction ever get reported to adult protective services
1/10, 1/23
Signs of elder abuse (4)
- Bruises
- lack of basic hygiene
- Unexplained behavioral changes
- Large withdrawals from bank account
