Nutrition Considerations in Heart Disease

Question 1

___ are more likely to have MI’s younger but ___ are more likely to die from MI

Answer 1

Men, women

Question 2

BMI scale

Answer 2

normal weight 19-24.9
overweight 25-29.9
class I obesity 30-34.9
class II obesity 35-39.9
severe obesity 40+

Question 3

AHA simple 7 recommendations

Answer 3

• No smoking
• be physically active
• have normal BP
• have normal blood glucose
• have normal total cholesterol
• be normal weight
• eat a healthy diet

Question 4

DASH diet

Answer 4

Developed in 1997, proven to lower bp, reduce cholesterol, and improve insulin sensitivty, emphasizes fruit and veggies, low fat and nonfat dairy, nuts, beans, seeds, emphasizes whole grains and lean meats, fish nuts and beans sometimes lower in salt

Question 5

Importance of sodium restriction in diet (2)

Answer 5

• Lowers serum uric acid levels (gout)

- Lowers risk of kidney disease

Question 6

Limitations of dash diet (2)

Answer 6

• accessibility to food price

- excessive gas and bloating from high fiber

Question 7

Mediterranean diet

Answer 7

Diet composed of eating primarily plant based foods such as fruits and veggies, whole grains, legumes and nuts, replacing butter with healthy fats such as oils, using herbs and spices instead of salt, limiting red meat to no more than few times a month, fish and poultry at least twice a week

Question 8

Mediterranean diet has been associated with what unique genetic change?

Answer 8

extended telomeres and reduced risk of age related diseases and decline in cognitive function

Question 9

Ketogenic diet

Answer 9

Used to treat drug resistant epilepsy or for weight loss, goal is to shift body into ketosis by consuming <20-50g of carb a day, high in proteins and fats but low carb used for weight loss but difficult to maintain long term, may increase HDL and LDL cholesterol