Pigmentation Disorders Lecture Powerpoint Flashcards
Anime
Photosensitivty definition
Abnormal response to light (usually sun) occuring within a period of time following exposure and lasting up to weeks or months
Some benefits and risks of UV radition (3 and 3)
+ production of vit D + dispersal of melanin + beneficial for some dermatoses -sunburn -carcinogenesis -skin aging
Sunburn
Acute, delayed, and transient inflammatory response to UV radiation characterized by erythema in sun exposed areas, and in severe cases resulting in chills and dehydration
Fitzpatrick classification of sun reactive skin types
An old system of 6 diff “skin types” ranging from very fair skinned to black
Drug induced phototoxicity
A side effect of many medications that causes sun exposed areas to have immediate erythema and urticaria upon exposure and exaggerated sunburns that itches or stings, prevented by avoidance
Plant induced phototoxicity
Caused by contact with light sensitizing botanical substances in certain occupations that causes erythema and pruritis
Drug induced photoallergy
Less common rxn where chemical agent in drug interacts with protein in skin to form antigen that reacts upon photoexpsoure, is typically less demarcated than phototoxic!!!!
Steven Johnson syndrome
A rare serious immune complex mediated hypersensitivity condition of skin and mucus membranes that begins with flu like symptoms and progresses to a severe rash as a reaction to medication such as bactrim
Polymorphous light eruption
Delayed type IV hypersensitivity rxn to uv radiation that results in pruritis and tingling
Dermatoheliosis
Response of epidermis to prolonged sun exposure resulting in keratosis, dryness, lentigo
Lentigo
Pigmented indented macule (diff from freckle) often a result of localized proliferation of melanocytes in the epidermis, need to be monitored for changes that could indicate malignancy
Actinic keratosis
An occupational related pattern of discrete dry scaley lesions on areas exposed to sun, flesh colored
Most common lesion with malignant potential to arise on the skin
Actinic keratosis
Melasma
Area of dark pigmentation mostly seen on a woman’s face, influencing factors are typically hormonal female changes
Melasma and post inflammatory hyperpigmentation treatment options (2)
-daily sunscreen -hydroquinone (skin whitening benzene that bleaches skin)
Post inflammatory hyperpigmentation
Condition seen with higher incidence in dark skinned individuals due to excess deposits in the epidermis, often preceded by acne
Drug induced hyperpigmentation
Tendency for some drugs such as minocycline to cause generalized or localized hyperpigmentation that may persist for years even after removal of medicaiton
Erythema dyschromicum perstans
Ashy dermatosis, unknown etiology and no real treatment
Solar lentigines definition
Liver spots
Vitiligo
Complete absence of melanocytes, thus developing white patches on skin from immune mediated pathogenesis against melanocytes
Vitiligo may be associated with increased risk for ___ disease
thyroid
Vitiligo universalis
Michael Jackson, complete black to white
Vitiligo treatment (4)
-sunscreen -tacrolimus (inhibits inflammatory cytokines) -UVA therapy -Grafts
Tinea versicolor can be differentiated from other light skin rashes by a…
…KOH mount
Albinism
Uncommon complex eye and skin disease without pigmentation, managed with sunscreen and protective clothing, at increased risk for basal and squamous cell carcinoma
Piebaldism
Rare autosomal dominant congenital disorder of melanocyte developemnt that results in patches of white skin and hair
Hypopigmented patches on central face with greasy scale can be identified as usually being…
…seborrheic dermatitis
Pityriasis alba
A skin condition often occuring in children age 6-12 resulting in patches of hypopigmentation, not contageous and often self limiting, strongly resembles vitilgo early on
What condition is this?
Steven Johnson syndrome
What condition is this?
Actinic keratosis
What condition is this?
Melasma
