Neuro Radiology Lecture Powerpoint Flashcards
Plain films advantages and limitations
+readily available
+easy to interpret
-limited to calcified areas such as bone
Indications for a skull series (3)
Trauma, congenital anomalies, and bone neoplasms
Indications for a cervical spine series (3)
Fractures, subluxations, or dislocations
A cervical lateral projection needs to have visibility down to…
…T1
Jefferson fracture
C1 fracture caused by diving into shallow pool, unstable breaking of the atlas
Odontoid fracture
C2 fracture caused by hyperflexion, extension, rotation, lateral flexion, sheering forces, unstable breaking of the dens
Hangman fracture
C2 fracture caused by hyperextension, unstable
MRI takes approx ___ while CT is near ___
45 min, immediate
Spondylosis vs spondylitis vs spondylolysis vs spondylolethesis
Osteoarthritis of the spine vs inflammation of the joints (look fused) vs fracture of pars interarticularis (scotty dog) vs forward slippage of vertebral body (something leaning wayyy too forward)
When to order CT (5)
- Fall over age of 65
- alcoholics
- substantial trauma
- Changes in mental status or being knocked out for over a minute
- new onset seizure
Supra vs infratentorial components
4th ventricle is infra while the rest are supra, the cerebellum and brainstem is infratentorial while the thalamus, basal ganglion, and cerebrum are supra
Epidural hematoma are ___ in origin, subdural hematoma are ___ in origin
arterial, venous
Most common location of epidural hematoma, what is the nickname for this syndrome? How do they need to be treated?
Middle meningeal artery, talk and die syndrome, evacuation to relieve intracranial pressure
Subdural hematoma are often caused by ___ or ____
Falls or motor vehicle accident
Subarachnoid hemorrhage are often caused by ____, predisposition for them can be caused by…
Aneurysm (sudden tunderclap headache)
-…familial inheritance
T1 vs T2 vs Flair MRI
T1 images have CSF appear as dark and T2 images have CSF appear as bright and Flair has T2 images but CSF is attenuated and made dark
Limitations to MRI (2)
- Inferior to CT in acute hemorrhage
- Inferior to CT in detection of bony injury
Stroke initial assessment is done thru ___ to confirm diagnosis before giving thrombolytic therapy, while later date once stabilized can send thru ___
CT, MRI
Cervical meylopathy
Central compression of the spinal cord causing bilateral clumsiness in hands and gait imbalance at the cervical spine
PET scans and what 3 things is it used for
- Nuclear medicine exams using a radioactive tracer
- used to detect early stage malignant disease, epilepsy, and dementia
Myelogram
A plain x ray or CT with injected dye into the subarachnoid space
