Diuretics Lecture PDF Flashcards
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Diuretics function and major applications (2)
Increase output of urine
- treat hypertesnion
- mobilize edematous fluid
Diuretics mechanism of action
Blockage of Na+ and Cl- reabsorption, which prevents the passive reabsorption of water and causing water and solutes to be retained in the nephron promoting their excretion
Drugs whose site of action is early in the nephron have….
As a result they…
…opportunity to block greatest amount of solute reabsorption, produce greatest amount of diuresis
Loop diuretics work at the…
They are the most…
…ascending loop of henle, the most effective diuretics available
K+ sparing diuretics work at the…
They are very ___ diuretics because they don’t cause much ____, but can be helpful to reduce ____
…distal convoluted tuble and collecting duct
weak, diuresis, hypokalemia?
Furosemide (Lasix) mech of action, where is it excreted?
acts at thick ascending limb of loop of henle blocking reabsorption of Na+ and Cl-, preventing passive reabsorption of water
The liver excretes it
Loop diuretics have activity even during…
…renal failure
Furosemide (Lasix) length of action for oral and IV
Oral - diuresis lasts 8 hours after 1 hour absorption
IV, diuresis lasts for 2 hours within minutes
Furosemide (Lasix) therapeutic uses (3)
- reserved for rapid mobilization of fluid such as pulmonary edema with congestive heart failure
- uncontrolled hypertension
- Electrolyte imbalances
Furosemide (Lasix) ADR’s (7)
- Dehydration
- Thrombosis or embolism
- hypotension
- ototoxicity
- hyperglycemia
- hyperuremia (gouty attack)
- hyperlipidemia
Furosemide (Lasix) can be administered ___ to minimize unfavorable effects
Intermittent schedule
Furosemide (Lasix) drug interactions (3)
- Digoxin effects can be potentiated by loss of K+
- used in combo with aminoglycoside can increase hearing damage
- K+ sparing diuretics can counterbalance K+ wasting effects therby reducing risks of hypokalemia
Furosemide (Lasix) dosage oral, why is taking it in morning important
20 to 80mg/day single dose, administration at night will result in urination all night long
Hydrochlorothiazide (hydrouracil) drug class, mehc of action
Thiazide diuretic,
Blocks reabsoroption of sodium and chloride in early segment of distal convoluted tuble
Hydrochlorothiazide (hydrouracil) requires ___ to function, unlike ____
Adequate GFR, loop diuretics which can promote fluid loss with significant renal impairment
Hydrochlorothiazide (hydrouracil) indications (what is it the DOC for?) (4)
- HTN DOC
- Edema
- diabetes insipidus
Hydrochlorothiazide (hydrouracil) ADR’s (4)
- hypokalemia
- hyperglycmia
- hyperlipidemia
- produces fetal harm and shouldn’t be used during pregnancy
Hydrochlorothiazide (hydrouracil) is often avaiable with….
Fixed dose combo with K+ sparing diuretics
Hydrochlorothiazide (hydrouracil) oral administration dosage
25-50 mg, in the morning!
Non-thiazides defnition
Chemically different drugs that have similar function to thiazides
2 useful responses of K+ sparing diuretics
1) moderately increase urine production
2) substantial decrease in potassium excretion
Spironolactone (aldactone) mech of action, drug class
Blocks action of aldosterone at distal tubule, retention of K+and increased excretion of Na+,
K+ sparing diuretic
Spironolactone (aldactone) may take up to ___ to exert effects
48 hrs
Spironolactone (aldactone) indications (5)
- hypertension
- edema
- hepatic cirrhosis
- heart failure
- primary aldosteronism
