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Psychology Vocab > Sensation & Perception > Flashcards

Sensation & Perception Flashcards

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1
Q

Perception

A

How we recognize, interpret, and organize our sensations

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2
Q

Detection thresholds

A

The act of sensing a stimulus

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3
Q

Psychophysics

A

Deals with the facts of physical stimuli on sensory response

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4
Q

Absolute threshold

A

Minimal amount of stimulation needed to detect a stimulus

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5
Q

Signal detection theory

A

As for possible outcomes in detection

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6
Q

Hit

A

Signal was present, reported sensing it

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7
Q

Miss

A

Signal was present, did not sense it

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8
Q

False alarm

A

Signal was absent, reported sensing it

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9
Q

Correct rejection

A

Signal was absent, did not report it

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10
Q

Webbers law

A

The greater the magnitude of the stimulus, the larger the difference must be to be noticed

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11
Q

Just noticeable difference, difference threshold

A

Minimum amount of distance between two stimuli that can be detected

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12
Q

Subliminal perception

A

Preconscious processing that occurs when presented with stimuli so rapidly we cannot consciously be aware of them

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13
Q

Tip of the tongue phenomenon

A

Preconscious information processing, trying to recall something that we already know but is not easily available for conscious awareness

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14
Q

Receptor cells

A

Detect specific types of energy

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15
Q

Receptive field

A

Area from which are receptor cells receive input

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16
Q

Transduction

A

When receptors convert the input into neural impulses which are sent to the brain

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17
Q

Contralateral shift

A

Or is that the level of the thousand Miss, sensory input from one side of the body travels to the opposite side of the brain

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18
Q

Sensory coding

A

Receptors convey such a range of information to the brain

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19
Q

Single cell recording

A

Firing rate and pattern of a single receptor cell can be measured in response to varying sensory input

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20
Q

Visual sensation

A

I receives the light input from the outside world

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21
Q

Distal stimulus

A

Object as it exists in the environment

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22
Q

Proximal stimulus

A

Image of that object on the retina

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23
Q

Cornea

A

The protective layer on the outside of the eye

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24
Q

Lens

A

Underneath the cornea and is responsible for accommodations

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25
Q

Retina

A

At the back of that I and serves as the screen onto which the proximal stimulus is projected covered with rods and cones

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26
Q

Rods

A

Located in retina sensitive in low light, helps night vision

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27
Q

Cones

A

In the center of the retina or fovea, sensitive to bright light and color vision

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28
Q

Serial processing

A

Brain computes information step-by-step in a methodological and linear matter

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29
Q

Parallel processing

A

Brain computes multiple pieces of information simultaneously

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30
Q

Feature detector

A

Different parts of the pattern that helps us distinguish items

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31
Q

Sensation

A

Relationship between physical stimulation and physiological effects

32
Q

Young – Helmholtz or trichromatic theory

A

Cones and retina are activated by light waves of blue, red, and green these colors allow us to see all colors

33
Q

Opponent process theory

A

Bonus response to opposite pairs of receptor sets: Black/white, red/green, blue/yellow

34
Q

Colorblindness

A

Usually occurs in males

35
Q

Auditorium input

A

Soundwaves enter by the ear and move into the ear canal

36
Q

Vestibular sacs

A

Sensitive to tilting responsible for balance

37
Q

Place theory

A

Soundwaves generate activity at different places along the basilar membrane

38
Q

Frequency theory

A

We sense pitch their frequency

39
Q

Deafness

A

Occurs from damage to the ear structure or the neural pathway

40
Q

Conductive deafness

A

Injury to the outer or middle your structures

41
Q

Sensorineural/nerve deafness

A

Impairment of some structures from the cochlea to auditory cortex

42
Q

Olfaction

A

The sense of smell, Chemical sense

43
Q

Gustation

A

The sense of taste, a chemical sense

44
Q

Cutaneous/ Tactile receptors

A

Provide information about pressure, pain, and temperature

45
Q

Cold fibers

A

Respond to cold stimuli

46
Q

Warm fibers

A

Respond to warm stimuli

47
Q

Vestibular sense

A

Involves the sensation of balance

48
Q

Kinesthesis

A

Found in joints and ligaments, transmits information about the location imposition of limbs and body parts

49
Q

Adaptation

A

And unconscious temporary change in response to environmental stimuli

50
Q

Habituation

A

Process where we become accustomed to a stimulus and notice it less overtime

51
Q

Dishabituation

A

A change in the stimulus even small change causes us to notice it again

52
Q

Attention

A

Processing through cognition of selective portion of the massive amount of information coming from all the senses contained in memory

53
Q

Selective attention

A

Attempting to attend to one thing while ignoring another

54
Q

Cocktail party phenomenon

A

Ability to carry-on and follow a single conversation in a room full of conversation

55
Q

Filter theories

A

Stimuli must pass through some form of screener filter to enter into attention

56
Q

Attentional resources theories

A

We have a fixed amount of attention, this resource can be divided up as is required in a given situation

57
Q

Divided attention

A

Trying to focus on more than one task at a time it is difficult

58
Q

Perceptual process

A

How are mine interprets stimuli

59
Q

Bottom up processing

A

Recognition of an object by breaking it down into its component parts, big knowledge meant of the raw data, taking it in sensing it

60
Q

Top-down processing

A

Brenly was a particular stimulus or experience

61
Q

Visual perception

A

We need to perceived ups, size, shape, and motion

62
Q

Binoculars depth cues

A

Is only require one eye

63
Q

Eleanor Gibson and Richard walk

A

Developed the visual cliff test with infants

64
Q

Gestalt approach

A

Where the ground is the field against which the figure stands out

65
Q

Proximity

A

To see objects near to each other as forming groups

66
Q

Similarity

A

The tendency to preferred to group like objects together

67
Q

Symmetry

A

Tendency to perceive forms that make up mirror images

68
Q

Continuity

A

Perceive items fluid or continuous forms rather than jagged or irregular ones

69
Q

Closure

A

Tendency to close up objects that are not complete

70
Q

Law of Pragnanz

A

The minimum tendency, meaning that we tended to see objects in the simplest forms

71
Q

Feature detectors approach

A

Organisms respond to specific aspects of a particular stimulus

72
Q

Consistency

A

Stimulus remain the same size, shape, brightness, weight, and or volume even though it does not appear to be so- constancy is innate

73
Q

Motion detection

A

Can occur by recording the change in position of the object as it moves across the retina
Or
How we move I had to follow the stimuli

74
Q

Apparent motion

A

Are seen in for you phenomenon, stroboscopic movement, and autokinetic effect

75
Q

The phenomenon

A

When blinking lights on the roadside arrow give the appearance of movement

Video of Halloween lights on house

76
Q

Stroboscopic movement

A

One still pictures move it a facet of pace to apply movement

77
Q

Autokinetic effect

A

Late that appears to twinkle darkness

Psychology Vocab (33 decks)

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