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Psychology Vocab > Sensation & Perception > Flashcards

Sensation & Perception Flashcards

1
Q

Perception

A

How we recognize, interpret, and organize our sensations

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2
Q

Detection thresholds

A

The act of sensing a stimulus

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3
Q

Psychophysics

A

Deals with the facts of physical stimuli on sensory response

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4
Q

Absolute threshold

A

Minimal amount of stimulation needed to detect a stimulus

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5
Q

Signal detection theory

A

As for possible outcomes in detection

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6
Q

Hit

A

Signal was present, reported sensing it

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7
Q

Miss

A

Signal was present, did not sense it

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8
Q

False alarm

A

Signal was absent, reported sensing it

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9
Q

Correct rejection

A

Signal was absent, did not report it

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10
Q

Webbers law

A

The greater the magnitude of the stimulus, the larger the difference must be to be noticed

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11
Q

Just noticeable difference, difference threshold

A

Minimum amount of distance between two stimuli that can be detected

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12
Q

Subliminal perception

A

Preconscious processing that occurs when presented with stimuli so rapidly we cannot consciously be aware of them

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13
Q

Tip of the tongue phenomenon

A

Preconscious information processing, trying to recall something that we already know but is not easily available for conscious awareness

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14
Q

Receptor cells

A

Detect specific types of energy

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15
Q

Receptive field

A

Area from which are receptor cells receive input

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16
Q

Transduction

A

When receptors convert the input into neural impulses which are sent to the brain

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17
Q

Contralateral shift

A

Or is that the level of the thousand Miss, sensory input from one side of the body travels to the opposite side of the brain

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18
Q

Sensory coding

A

Receptors convey such a range of information to the brain

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19
Q

Single cell recording

A

Firing rate and pattern of a single receptor cell can be measured in response to varying sensory input

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20
Q

Visual sensation

A

I receives the light input from the outside world

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21
Q

Distal stimulus

A

Object as it exists in the environment

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22
Q

Proximal stimulus

A

Image of that object on the retina

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23
Q

Cornea

A

The protective layer on the outside of the eye

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24
Q

Lens

A

Underneath the cornea and is responsible for accommodations

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25
Retina
At the back of that I and serves as the screen onto which the proximal stimulus is projected covered with rods and cones
26
Rods
Located in retina sensitive in low light, helps night vision
27
Cones
In the center of the retina or fovea, sensitive to bright light and color vision
28
Serial processing
Brain computes information step-by-step in a methodological and linear matter
29
Parallel processing
Brain computes multiple pieces of information simultaneously
30
Feature detector
Different parts of the pattern that helps us distinguish items
31
Sensation
Relationship between physical stimulation and physiological effects
32
Young – Helmholtz or trichromatic theory
Cones and retina are activated by light waves of blue, red, and green these colors allow us to see all colors
33
Opponent process theory
Bonus response to opposite pairs of receptor sets: Black/white, red/green, blue/yellow
34
Colorblindness
Usually occurs in males
35
Auditorium input
Soundwaves enter by the ear and move into the ear canal
36
Vestibular sacs
Sensitive to tilting responsible for balance
37
Place theory
Soundwaves generate activity at different places along the basilar membrane
38
Frequency theory
We sense pitch their frequency
39
Deafness
Occurs from damage to the ear structure or the neural pathway
40
Conductive deafness
Injury to the outer or middle your structures
41
Sensorineural/nerve deafness
Impairment of some structures from the cochlea to auditory cortex
42
Olfaction
The sense of smell, Chemical sense
43
Gustation
The sense of taste, a chemical sense
44
Cutaneous/ Tactile receptors
Provide information about pressure, pain, and temperature
45
Cold fibers
Respond to cold stimuli
46
Warm fibers
Respond to warm stimuli
47
Vestibular sense
Involves the sensation of balance
48
Kinesthesis
Found in joints and ligaments, transmits information about the location imposition of limbs and body parts
49
Adaptation
And unconscious temporary change in response to environmental stimuli
50
Habituation
Process where we become accustomed to a stimulus and notice it less overtime
51
Dishabituation
A change in the stimulus even small change causes us to notice it again
52
Attention
Processing through cognition of selective portion of the massive amount of information coming from all the senses contained in memory
53
Selective attention
Attempting to attend to one thing while ignoring another
54
Cocktail party phenomenon
Ability to carry-on and follow a single conversation in a room full of conversation
55
Filter theories
Stimuli must pass through some form of screener filter to enter into attention
56
Attentional resources theories
We have a fixed amount of attention, this resource can be divided up as is required in a given situation
57
Divided attention
Trying to focus on more than one task at a time it is difficult
58
Perceptual process
How are mine interprets stimuli
59
Bottom up processing
Recognition of an object by breaking it down into its component parts, big knowledge meant of the raw data, taking it in sensing it
60
Top-down processing
Brenly was a particular stimulus or experience
61
Visual perception
We need to perceived ups, size, shape, and motion
62
Binoculars depth cues
Is only require one eye
63
Eleanor Gibson and Richard walk
Developed the visual cliff test with infants
64
Gestalt approach
Where the ground is the field against which the figure stands out
65
Proximity
To see objects near to each other as forming groups
66
Similarity
The tendency to preferred to group like objects together
67
Symmetry
Tendency to perceive forms that make up mirror images
68
Continuity
Perceive items fluid or continuous forms rather than jagged or irregular ones
69
Closure
Tendency to close up objects that are not complete
70
Law of Pragnanz
The minimum tendency, meaning that we tended to see objects in the simplest forms
71
Feature detectors approach
Organisms respond to specific aspects of a particular stimulus
72
Consistency
Stimulus remain the same size, shape, brightness, weight, and or volume even though it does not appear to be so- constancy is innate
73
Motion detection
Can occur by recording the change in position of the object as it moves across the retina Or How we move I had to follow the stimuli
74
Apparent motion
Are seen in for you phenomenon, stroboscopic movement, and autokinetic effect
75
The phenomenon
When blinking lights on the roadside arrow give the appearance of movement Video of Halloween lights on house
76
Stroboscopic movement
One still pictures move it a facet of pace to apply movement
77
Autokinetic effect
Late that appears to twinkle darkness

Psychology Vocab (33 decks)

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