Methods And Approaches Flashcards
Independent variable
Manipulated variable
Dependent variable
The item being measured
Population
Group of interest to be started
Representative sample
The degree to which a simple reflects the diverse characteristics of the population that is being studied
Random sampling
Wave ensuring maximum representativeness
Randomly assigned
Used to a sure that each group has minimal differences
Single-blind design
So just do not know whether they are in the control or experiment group
Double-blind design
Neither the subjects nor the researcher know who is in which group
Placebo
Therapeutic object or procedure that causes the control group to believe they are in the experimental group actually contains none of the test material
Correlation research
Assessing the degree of association between two or more variables which naturally for
Confounding third variable
An unknown factor that is playing a role
Clinical research
Often takes the form of Case studies
Case studies
Intensive studies of a single individual in aims to unlock universal principles
Generalization
Applicable to similar circumstances because of the predictable outcomes of repeated to tests
Internal validity
Certainty with which the results of an experiment can be attribute it to the manipulation of the independent variable
External validity
The extent of findings of the study that can be generalized to the real world
Reliability
When the same results appear if the experiment is repeated
Descriptive statistics
Summarize data
Inferential statistics
Allows researchers to test offices about data and turn them how accurate they are
Central tendency in statistics
Characterize the typical value in a set of data
Normal curve
The bell shaped curve,
Negative skew and statistics
When there are more exponentially small values and exponentially larger values
Positive skew
Opposite, more exponentially larger values
Standard deviation
Average dispersion of numbers around the mean
Percentile
Express the standing of one score relative to all others and a set of data
Correlation coefficient
Tributes how studies relate to one another
Pearson correlation efficient
Descriptive statistics that describes linear relationship between two attributes
Negative correlation
When scores decrease
Positive correlation
When scores increased
Inferential statistics
Determine our level of confidence and claiming that the set of data would be unlikely to occur at chance
Null hypothesis
States that a treatment in no effect in an experiment
Alternative hypothesis
States that a treatment did have an effect
Alpha in statistics
Except the probability that the result of an experiment can be attributed to chance
Type one error in statistics
He refers to an age difference exist when in reality there is no difference
Type to error in statistics
Conclusion states that there is no difference when in reality there is a difference
Type one error in statistics
Also referred to as p-value
Ethics and research
Stanley Milgram’s obedience experiment was viewed as an ethical, since then APA as set forth standards for ethicality in experiments
Informed consent
Participants in the study agree to participate after they’ve been told what the participation entails
Debriefing
After experiment is concluded participants must be told the exact purpose of their participation in the research
Applied psychology
A subfield, put directly into practice
Basic psychology
Subfield, conducted at universities or private laboratories
Experiment
Investigation seeking to understand relations of cause-and-effect
