Chapter 7 (consciousness) Flashcards
Biological Rhythms
Periodic physiological fluctuations
Consciousness
Our awareness of ourselves and our environment
Circadian Rhythm
The biological clocks; regular bodily rhythms
Non-Rem Sleep
Stages 1-4 of the sleep cycle
REM Sleep
Rapid eye movement sleep, a sleep stage where dreams commonly occur a.k.a. Paradoxical sleep
Alpha Waves
The relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed awake state
Sleep
Periodic, natural, reversible loss of consciousness
Hallucinations
False sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus
Delta Waves
The large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep
Insomnia
Reoccurring problems in falling or staying asleep
Narcolepsy
A sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks, victim may lapse directly into REM sleep
Sleep Apnea
A sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings
Night Terrors
A sleep disorder characterized by high arousal and an appearance of being terrified, they are seldom remembered
Dream
A sequence of images, emotions, and thoughts passing through a sleeping persons mind
Freud’s Wish-Fulfillment
Wishes fulfilled within dreams that provides a psychic safety valve that discharges otherwise unacceptable feelings
Manifest Content
The remembered story line of a dream
Latent Content
The underlying meaning of a dream, functions as a safety value
Information Processing
Dreams may sift, sort, and fix the day’s experiences in our memory
Physiological Functions
Brain activity of REM sleep provide the sleeping brain periodic stimulation
Activation-Synthesis
Neural activity is random, dreams are the brain’s attempt to make sense of it
Cognitive Development
Dreams are a part of brain maturation and cognitive development
REM Rebound
The tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation
Hypnosis
A social interaction in high one person (the hypnotists) suggests to another (the subject) that certain perceptions, feelings, thoughts, or behaviors will spontaneously occur
Anton Mesmer
Given credit for discovering hypnosis, fonie, linked to skepticism linked to hypnosis
Posthypnotic Suggestion
Suggestion made during a hypnosis session, to be carried out after the subject is no longer hypnotized; used by some clinicians to help control undesired symptoms and behaviors
Social Influence Theory
Hypnotic phenomena are not unique to hypnosis, they are an extension of everyday social behavior
Theodor barber
Ernest Hilgard
Believed that hypnosis involved social influence and a special state of dissociated (divided) consciousness
Dissociation (Divided-Consciousness Theory)
A split in consciousness which allows some thoughts and behaviors to occur simultaneously with others
Hilgard
Theodore Barber
Associated with social influence theory
Age Regression
Via hypnosis, the ability to relive childhood experiences
Psychoactive Drug
A chemical substance that alters perceptions and mood
Tolerance
The diminishing effect with regular use of the same close of a drug, requiring the user to take larger and larger douses before experiencing the drugs effects
Withdrawal
The discomfort and distress that follow discounting the use of an addictive drug
Physical Dependence
A physiological need for a drug marked by unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the drug is discontinued
Psychological Dependence
A psychological need to use a drug, such as to relieve negative emotions
Addiction
Compliance drug craving and use
Depressants
Drugs that reduce neural activity and slow body functions
Barbiturates
Tranquilizer; Drugs that depress the central nervous system, reducing anxiety, but impairing memory and judgement
Opiates
They depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety, morphine/heroin
Stimulants
Drugs that excite neural activity and speed up body functions
Amphetamines
Drugs that stimulate neural activity, causing speeds up body functions, associated energy, and mood changes
Methamphetamines
A powerfully addictive drug that stimulates the central nervous system speeding up body functions and associated energy and mood changes
Ecstasy (MDMA)
stimulant and hallucinogen, produces social intimacy, short term health risks and long term harm to serotonin-producing neurons and to mood cognition
Hallucinogens
Psychedelic drugs, such as LSD, that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the a sense if sensory input
LSD
A powerful hallucinogen drug; also know as acid
THC
The major active ingredient in marijuana; triggers a variety of effects, including mild hallucinogens
Near-Death Experience
An altered state of consciousness reported after a close brush with death; often similar to drug induced hallucinations
Dualism
The mind and body are two distinct entities that interact
Monism
The mind and body are different aspects of the same thing
