Chapter 16 Flashcards
4 D’s
1) Deviant- different, extreme, usual from the “norm”
2) Distressful- unpleasant or upsetting to the person
3) Dysfunctional- disruptive to the person’s ability to conduct daily activities
4) Dangerous- threatening to the person’s well-being or to the safety of others
Diathesis Stress Model
A psychological theory that explains behavior as a result of biological and genetic factors, used to decided the the type of mental disorder, hereditary
Psychological Disorder
Deviant, distressful, dangerous, and dysfunctional behavior patterns - the 4 D’s
Attention-deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
A psychological disorder marked by the appearance by age 7 of one or more of the three key symptoms; extreme in attention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity
Medical Model
Concept that diseases have physical causes which are diagnosable, treatable, and mostly curable.
In psychologically, assumes that mental illnesses can be diagnosed on bias of symptoms and cured through therapy
DSM-V
Diagnostic & Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, used to provide more precise and consistent diagnosis for conditions
Axis 1 in DSM Manual
If there is a clinical syndrome present, associated with symptoms
Axis 2 in DSM Manual
A personality disorder or mental retardation (cognitive delay)
Axis 3 In DSM Manual
Medical condition involved along with psychological disorder, such as diabetes or hypertension
Axis 4 is DSM Manual
Environmental problems affecting a person
Axis 5 in DSM Manual
Breaks down how highly or lowly functions a person with psychological disorder is
Labeling Effects
Fear of other people knowing their condition because they do not want the way they are treated to be changed because of their diagnosis
Anxiety Disorders
Psychological disorders characterized by distressing persistent anxiety or unusual/bizarre behaviors to reduce anxiety
General Anxiety Disorders (GAD)
A person is continually tense, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal, formed and occurs in childhood, related to everyday life situations
Panic Disorder
Experiences a rush of panic, resulting in sudden feeling of terror and fear, extreme physical responses, feels like a heart attack
Phobic Disorder
Anxiety disorder marked by a persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object of stimulation
Agoraphobia
Phobic disorder- have a fear or avoidance of situations in which escapee might be difficult or help is unavailable when panic strikes
Specific Phobia
Phobic Disorder- a fear of a specific object
Social Phobia
Phobic Disorder- intense fear of being scrutinized by others, may avoid speaking, eating out, going to parties, sweat, tremble, or experience diarrhea when doing so
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Person constantly has troubling thoughts, so they create specific habits to combat these thoughts, habits become troubling to person
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Occurs after someone has had a threat of physical harm or experienced such harm, may startle easily, has flashbacks, and triggers to bad experiences
Dissociative Disorders
Disorders in which conscious awareness becomes separated (dissociated) from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings
Dissociative Identity Disorder (Multiple Personality Disorder)
A rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities, a.k.a. Multiple personality disorder
Mood disorders
Psychological disorders characterized by emotional extremes. See major depressive disorder, mania, and bipolar disorder
Major Depressive Disorder
A mood disorder in which a person experiences, in the absence of drugs or a medical condition, two or more weeks of significantly depressed moods, feelings of worthlessness, and diminished interest or pleasure in most activities
Dysthymic Disorder
Down in the dumps mood fills most of the day for nearly 2 years,
Suffer from chronic low energy and self-esteem, can still be social and live full lives but are sad
Mania
A mood disorder marked by a hyperactive, wildly optimistic state
Bipolar disorder
A mood disorder in which the person alternates between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania. (Previously called manic-depression disorder)
Schizophrenia
A group of severe disorders characterized by disorganized and delusional thinking, disturbed perceptions, and inappropriate emotions and actions
More dopamine in the system- causes hallucinations
Delusions
False beliefs, often of persecution or grandeur, that may accompany psychotic disorders
Hallucinations
Believing that stimulus is affecting a person when none exists, most common comes in the form of hearing
Paranoid
Form of hallucination- preoccupation with delusions or hallucinations, often with themes of persecution or grandiosity
Believing everyone wants your belongings
Disorganized
Form of hallucination- disorganized speech or behavior, or flat or inappropriate emotion
Catatonic
Form of hallucination- when people go into a rigid “statue” form and stays in that position for an extended time
Personality disorders
Psychological disorders characterized by inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning
Antisocial Personality Disorders
A personality disorder in which the person (usually a man) exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing, don’t understand guilt, empathy, remorse etc. even toward friends and family members. May be aggressive and ruthless or a clever con artist
The learning (behavioral) perspective
Fear conditioning leads to anxiety, anxiety then becomes a generalized stimulus
Observational learning
Fear or anxiety learned from observing others acting fearful of a certain stimulus
Biological perspective
Natural selection led ancestors to fear snakes and other dangerous things
Generalized anxiety, panic attacks and others result in the way circuits are linked within the brain
Dissociative Amnesia
The inability to recall important personal events and information
Similar to repression
Dissociative Fuge
Forgets the past but travels to a new location and may assume a new identity
Forget their personal identity, and creates a new one
