Chapter 5

Question 0

Perception

Answer 0

Process of organizing and interpreting sensory information, enabling use to reconginize meaningful objects and events

Question 1

Sensation

Answer 1

Sensory receptors and nervous system that receives and represents stimulus energies from our environment

Question 2

Bottom-up Processing

Answer 2

Analysis that begins with sensory receptors and works up to the brain integration of sensory info, just taking it in

Question 3

Top-down Processing

Answer 3

Info processing guided down by higher level mental processes, “learning from experiences” for example, I burnt my hand with a sparkler so now I don’t use sparklers

Question 4

Prosopagnosia

Answer 4

The failure of perception, complete sensation incomplete perception, related to recognizing faces, the inability to top-down process when related to faces

Question 5

Psychophysics

Answer 5

Study of relationships between physical characteristics of stimuli, the intensity, and our psychological experience of them

Question 6

Absolute Threshold

Answer 6

Minimum stimulation needed to detect a particular stimulus, 50% of the time

Question 7

Signal Detection Theory

Answer 7

A prediction theory how/when we detect the presence of a faint stimulus “signal” assumes that detection depends on partly on a person’s experience, if they’re “trained” to be sensitive to certain things

Question 8

Subliminal

Answer 8

Below ones absolute threshold for conscious awareness

Question 9

Priming

Answer 9

The activation of certain association areas, predisposing ones perception, memory, or response, often unconscious

Question 10

Difference threshold

Answer 10

Minimum difference between two stimulus required to detect them as different for 50% of the time

Question 11

Weber’s Law

Answer 11

Principle that to be perceived as different, two stimulus must differ by a constant minimum percentage

Question 12

Sensory Adaption

Answer 12

Diminished sensitivity as a consequence of constant stimulation

Question 13

Transduction

Answer 13

Conversion of one form of energy into another; sights, sounds, smells, into neural impulses our brain can understand

Question 14

Wavelength

Answer 14

The distance from the peak of one light or sound wave to the peak of the next

Question 15

Hue

Answer 15

The dimension of color that is determined by the wavelength of light, short wavelength=dark colors

Question 16

Intensity

Answer 16

The amount of energy in a light or sound wave, determined by the waves amplitude, how bright or dull it will be

Question 17

Pupil

Answer 17

The adjustable opening in the center of the eye through which light enters

Question 18

Iris

Answer 18

Ring of muscle tissue that forms the colored portion of the eye around the pupil and controls the size of the pupils opening

Question 19

Lens

Answer 19

Transparent structure behind the pupil that chances shape to help focus images on the retina

Question 20

Accommodation

Answer 20

Process by which the eyes lens changes shape to focus near or far objects on the retina

Question 21

Retina

Answer 21

Soft sensitive inner surface of the the eyes contains receptor rods plus cones, and neurons that begin the processing visual info

Question 22

Acuity

Answer 22

The sharpness of vision

Question 23

Nearsightedness

Answer 23

A condition in whoch nearby objects are seen more clearly than distant objects

Question 24

Farsightedness

Answer 24

Far away objects are seen more clearly than near objects

Question 25

Rods

Answer 25

Retinal receptors, detect black, white and gray; needed for peripheral and twilight vision

Question 26

Cones

Answer 26

Retinal receptor cells that are concentrated near the center of the retina, detect fine detail, give rise to color sensations

Question 27

Optic Nerve

Answer 27

A nerve that carries neural impulses from the eye to the brain

Question 28

Blind Spot

Answer 28

The point at which the optic nerve leaves the eye, no receptor cells are located there

Question 29

Fovea

Answer 29

The central focal point in the retina, where the eyes cones cluster

Question 30

Feature Detectors

Answer 30

Nerve cells in the brain that respond to specific features of a stimulus such as shape, angle, or movement

Question 31

Parallel processing

Answer 31

Processing of several aspects of a problem simultaneously, natural mode for info processing for many functions including vision

Question 32

Blindsight

Answer 32

Experiencing blindness in part of their field of vision, causes perception to be incomplete

Question 33

Young-Helmholtz trichromatic (three-color) theory

Answer 33

Retina contains three receptors, one sensitive to red, one blue, one green, combined we can see any color

Question 34

Opponent-process theory

Answer 34

Opposing retinal processes (red-green, yellow-blue, white-black) enables color vision

Question 35

Color constancy

Answer 35

Perceiving familiar objects as having consistent color

Question 36

Audition

Answer 36

The sense or act of hearing

Question 37

Frequency

Answer 37

The number of complete wavelengths that pass a point in a given time

Question 38

Pitch

Answer 38

A tone's experiences highness or lowness, depends on frequency

Question 39

Middle Ear

Answer 39

Chamber between the ear drum an cochlea containing three tiny bones (hammer, anvil, and stirrup), that concentrate the vibrations of the eardrum on the cochleas oval window

Question 40

Cochlea

Answer 40

A coiled bony fluid-filled tube in the inner ear through who he sound waves trigger nerve impulses

Question 41

Cilia

Answer 41

Still working

Question 42

Inner Ear

Answer 42

The innermost part of the ears containing the cochlea semicircular canals and vestibular sacs

Question 43

Place theory

Answer 43

theory linking pitch we hear with place where the cochlea's membrane is stimulated, high pitch sounds

Question 44

Frequency Theory

Answer 44

In hearing, the theory that the rate of nerve impulses traveling up the auditory nerve matches the frequency of a tone, thus enabling us to sense it's pitch, for low pitch sounds

Question 45

Conduction hearing loss

Answer 45

Hearing loss caused by damage to the mechanical system that conducts sound wages to the cochlea

Question 46

Sensorineural hearing loss

Answer 46

Hearing loss caused by damage to the cochlea's receptors cells or to the auditory nerves

Question 47

Cochlear Implant

Answer 47

A device that converts electrical signals and stimulates auditory nerves through electrodes threaded into the cochlea

Question 48

Gate-Control Theory

Answer 48

Theory that the spinal cord contains a neurological "gate" that blocks pain signals/allows them to pass on to the brain

Question 49

Sensory Interaction

Answer 49

Principle that one sense may influence another

Question 50

McGurk Effect

Answer 50

The body's compensation for seeing and hearing two different things

Question 51

Olfaction

Answer 51

The sense of smell

Question 52

Synaethesia

Answer 52

When one sort of sensation produces another

Question 53

Kinesthesia

Answer 53

System for sensing the position and movement of individual body parts

Question 54

Vestibular Sense

Answer 54

The sense of body movement and position, in lauding the sense of balance

Question 55

Retinas Reaction Order

Answer 55

1) Biopolar 2) Ganglion 3) Optic Nerve 4) Thalamus 5) Visual Cortex