Prologue Flashcards
Plato/Socrates
Concluded that mind is separable from body and continues after the body dies, nature side
Psychology
The scientific study of behavior and mental process
Aristotle
Student of Plato, claims that the mind is not separable from the body, also that we learn from our experiences in our memories, knowledge is not pre-existent
Descartes
Believed mind is separable from the body, believed the brain held “animal spirits,” he discovered nerve paths, and believed that behavioral problems were within the brain vs being supernatural
Francis Bacon
Introduced the scientific method
John Locke
Wrote “An Essay Concerning Human Understanding” believed that the “mind at birth is a blank slate, which experience writes on”
Empiricism
The view that knowledge originates in experience and so science should therefore rely on observation and experimentation
Wilhelm Wundt
Performed psychology’s first experiment, based on reaction time, and opened the first laboratory
Structuralism
An early form of psychology studies revolving around using introspection to explore the elemental structure of the human mind
Edward Titchener
Ran tests testing peoples ability to describe basic items with their senses introduced structuralism
Introspection
Looking inward, self-reflective
Functionalism
A newer school of psychology that focused on how mental and behavioral processes function and how they enable organisms to adapt, survive, and flourish
William James
Wrote “Principles of Psychology,” developed/created functionalism, and let a female study his teachings (which was unheard of)
Mary Calkins
First women to study psychology, earned the P.h.D. but was not awarded the degree until after her death, first female president of APA
Margaret Floyd Washburn
Second lady to study P.h.D in psychology but obtained her degree and wrote the book The Animal Mind
