Prologue Flashcards

0
Q

Plato/Socrates

A

Concluded that mind is separable from body and continues after the body dies, nature side

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1
Q

Psychology

A

The scientific study of behavior and mental process

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2
Q

Aristotle

A

Student of Plato, claims that the mind is not separable from the body, also that we learn from our experiences in our memories, knowledge is not pre-existent

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3
Q

Descartes

A

Believed mind is separable from the body, believed the brain held “animal spirits,” he discovered nerve paths, and believed that behavioral problems were within the brain vs being supernatural

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4
Q

Francis Bacon

A

Introduced the scientific method

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5
Q

John Locke

A

Wrote “An Essay Concerning Human Understanding” believed that the “mind at birth is a blank slate, which experience writes on”

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6
Q

Empiricism

A

The view that knowledge originates in experience and so science should therefore rely on observation and experimentation

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7
Q

Wilhelm Wundt

A

Performed psychology’s first experiment, based on reaction time, and opened the first laboratory

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8
Q

Structuralism

A

An early form of psychology studies revolving around using introspection to explore the elemental structure of the human mind

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9
Q

Edward Titchener

A

Ran tests testing peoples ability to describe basic items with their senses introduced structuralism

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10
Q

Introspection

A

Looking inward, self-reflective

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11
Q

Functionalism

A

A newer school of psychology that focused on how mental and behavioral processes function and how they enable organisms to adapt, survive, and flourish

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12
Q

William James

A

Wrote “Principles of Psychology,” developed/created functionalism, and let a female study his teachings (which was unheard of)

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13
Q

Mary Calkins

A

First women to study psychology, earned the P.h.D. but was not awarded the degree until after her death, first female president of APA

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14
Q

Margaret Floyd Washburn

A

Second lady to study P.h.D in psychology but obtained her degree and wrote the book The Animal Mind

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15
Q

Humanistic Psychology

A

Emphasized the importance of current environmental influences on our growth potential, and the importance of meeting our needs for love and acceptance

16
Q

Nature-Nuture Issue

A

Debate between the view of learning from experience and being boring with knowledge

17
Q

Natural Selection

A

Charles Darwin, “the single best idea anyone had”

18
Q

Levels of Analysis

A

Looking at the different biological levels of an organism

19
Q

Evolutionary Perspective

A

How the natural selection of traits promotes the perpetuation of ones genes

20
Q

Behavior Perspective

A

How we learn observable responses

21
Q

Neuroscience Perspective

A

How the body and brain enable emotions, memories and sensory experiences

22
Q

Psychological Perspective

A

How behavior springs from unconscious drives and conflicts

23
Q

Behavioral Perspective

A

How we learn observable responses

24
Cognitive Perspective
How we encode, process, store, and retrieve information
25
Social-Cultural Perspective
How behavior and thinking vary across situations
26
Basic Research
Builds on psychology's knowledge base
27
Applied Research
Scientific study that aims to solve practical problems
28
Biological Psychologists
Explore the links between the brain and mind
29
Developmental Psychologists
Studying our changing abilities from the womb to the tomb
30
Cognitive Psychologists
Experimenting with how we perceive, think and solve problems
31
Personality Psychologists
Investigating our persistent traits
32
Social Psychologists
Exploring how we view and affect one another
33
Counseling Psychology
A branch that assists people with problems in living and achieving a greater well being besides school, work, or marriage
34
Clinical Psychology
A branch that studies, assesses, and treats people with psychological disorders
35
Psychiatry
A branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders; practiced by physicians who sometimes provide medical treatments as well as psychological therapy