Chapter 8-Second Half

Question 0

Little Albert experiment

Answer 0

Uses conditioning, brings a kid to fear anything fuzzy due to a loud scary noise, at the end just the sight of fuzzy things scares the kid

Question 1

John Watson

Answer 1

Little Albert experiment; training kid to be scared of fuzzy things via loud noises

Question 2

Successive Approximation

Answer 2

Rewarding responses that are getting closer to the final desired behavior and ignore all other responses

Question 3

Positive reinforcement

Answer 3

Increasing behaviors by presenting positive stimuli; adding something positive

Question 4

Negative reinforcement

Answer 4

Increasing behaviors by stopping or reducing negative stimuli, take away something negative

Question 5

Primary reinforces

Answer 5

A reinforcing stimulant that satisfies ones biological need

Question 6

Conditioned (secondary) reinforcers

Answer 6

When paired with a primary reinforcer it gains meaning and value

Question 7

Positive punishment

Answer 7

Administers an aversive stimulus, adds something negative

Question 8

Negative punishment

Answer 8

Being forcefully withdrawn from a desirable stimulus, take away something positive

Question 9

Continuous reinforcement

Answer 9

Reinforcing the desired response every time it occurs

Question 10

Partial (intermittent) reinforcement

Answer 10

Reinforcing a response only part of the time

Question 11

Fixed ratio schedules

Answer 11

A reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response after a specific number of responses

Question 12

Variable ration schedule

Answer 12

A reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response after an unpredictable number of responses

Question 13

Fixed interval schedules

Answer 13

A reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response only after a specific time period has elapsed

Question 14

Variable interval schedule

Answer 14

A reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response at unpredictable time interval

Question 15

Punishment

Answer 15

An event that decreases the behavior it follows

Question 16

Latent learning

Answer 16

Learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it

Question 17

Cognitive map

Answer 17

A mental representation of the layout of ones environment

Question 18

Intrinsic motivation

Answer 18

A desire to perform a behavior for its own sake

Question 19

Extrinsic motivation

Answer 19

a desire to perform a behavior due to promised rewards or threats of punishment

Question 20

Observational learning

Answer 20

Learning by observing others

Question 21

Modeling

Answer 21

The process of observing and imitating a specific behavior

Question 22

Mirror Neurons

Answer 22

Frontal lobe neurons that fire while performing certain actions or when observing another doing so

Question 23

Albert Bandura

Answer 23

The pioneer researcher of observational learning

Question 24

Prosocial Behavior

Answer 24

Positive, constructive, helpful behavior, the opposite of anti-social