Chapter 17 Flashcards
Biomedical therapy
Prescribed medications or medical procedures that act directly on the patient’s nervous system
Psychotherapy
An emotionally charged, confiding interaction between a trained therapist and someone who suggest from psychological difficulties
Eclectic approach
An approach to psychotherapy that, depending on the client’s problems, uses techniques from various forms of therapy
Eclectic- a variety
Psychoanalysis
Involves an emotionally charged, confiding interaction between a trained therapist and someone who suffers from psychological difficulties
Sigmund Freud
Created psychoanalysis which was the first of the psychological therapies
Free association
Psychoanalysis, method of exploring the unconscious in which the person relaxes and says whatever comes to mind
Resistance
In psychoanalysis, the blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden material
Interpretation
In psychoanalysis the analyst’s noting supposed dream meanings, resistances, and other significant behaviors and events in order to promote insight
Transference
In psychoanalysis, the patients’ transfer to the analyst of their emotions from other relationships such as love or hatred for a parent
Client- centered therapy
A humanistic therapy developed by Carl Rogers in which the therapist uses techniques such as active listening within a genuine, accepting, empathic environment to facilitate a clients growth
Carl Rogers
Believed that people are basically good and are endowed with self actualizing tendency
Active listening
Empathetic listening in which the listener echoes, restates, and clarifies, a feature of Rogers client centered therapy
Behavioral therapy
Therapy that applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors
Used to treat anxiety disorders
Counter conditioning
A behavior therapy procedure that conditions new responses to stimuli that trigger unwanted behaviors-based on classical conditioning
Little Albert experiment, retraining something from a previous response to a specific stimulus
Exposure therapy
Behavioral techniques such as systematic desensitization, that treat anxieties by exposing people to the things they fear and avoid -repeated exposure
The guy who was afraid of dogs
Systematic desensitization
A type of counterconditioning that associates a pleasant relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli-used to treat phobias
Virtual reality exposure therapy
An anxiety treatment that progressively exposes people to simulations(key word) of their greatest fears, such as airplane flying, spiders, or public speaking
Aversive conditioning
A type of counter conditioning that associates an unpleasant state with an unwanted behavior
The nausea w/ alcohol example
Cognitive therapies
Therapy that teaches people adaptive ways of thinking and acting, based on the assumption that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions
Link to depression
Cognitive-behavior therapy
Cognitive therapists often combine the reversal of self-defeated thinking with efforts to modify behavior
Used for OCD
Group therapy
Helps ppl relate to others so they do not feel alone, gives ppl the chance to receive feedback from others and try new coping methods
Family therapy
Therapy that treats the family as a system, views an individual’s unwanted behaviors as influenced by or directed at other family members; attempts to guide family members toward positive relationships and improved communication
Regression toward the mean
Tendencies for extremes of unusual scores to fall back (regress) toward their average
Meta-analysis
A procedure for statistically combining the results of many different research studies
EMDR
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing; used w/ PTSD has people follow a moving light with their eye, it appears to be more placebo than anything
Light exposure therapyb
Treatment involves being exposed to daily doses of concentrated light to alleviate symptoms of depression due to lacks of sunlight/ vitamin D
Psychopharmacology
The study of the effects of drugs on mind and behavior
Placebo effect
Experiment results caused by expectations alone
Double-blind study
1/2 the patients receive the drug, the other half receives placebo, neither the administrators nor the patient know which group received which treatment
Antipsychotic drugs
Used to calm psychotic patients, helps patients experience positive symptoms, dampening their responsiveness to stimuli which do not exist
Tardive Dyskinesia
Involuntary movements of the facial muscles, tongue, and limbs; a possible neurotoxic side effect of long-term use of antipsychotic drugs that target D2 dopamine receptors
Anti-anxiety drugs
Calms people down from a state of anxiety
Antidepressant drugs
These drugs lift people from a state of depression, increased the availability of norepinephrine or serotonin, these neurotransmitters elevate arousal and mood, they are scarce during depression
SSRI’s
(Selective-serotonin-reuptake-inhibitors) A type of anti-depressant/anti-anxiety drug, these drugs slow/blocks the synaptic absorbing of serotonin
Lithium
So that you can be effective mood stabilizer for those suffering from bipolar disorder
Electroconvulsive therapy
ECT; a biomedical therapy for severely depressed patients in which a brief electric current is sent through the brain of an anesthetized patient
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation
rTMS; the application of repeated pulses of magnetic energy to the brain, used to stimulate or suppress brain activity
Psychosurgery
Surgery that removes or destroys brain tissue in an effort t change behavior
Lobotomy
A now-rare psychosurgical procedure once used to calm uncontrollably emotional of violent patients, the procedure cut the nerves that connect the frontal loves to the emotion-controlling centers of the inner brain
Token economy
An operant conditioning procedure in which people earn a token (exchangeable for a reward) for exhibiting a desired behavior and can later exchange the tokens for various privileges or treats
The six therapies
Psychoanalysis Humanistic Behavioral Cognitive Group/Family Biomedical
Humanistic therapy
Helping people grow to self fulfillment and self acceptance, founded by Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow
Stress inoculation training
Trains ppl to restructure their thinking during a stressful situations
Stress inoculation training
Trains ppl to restructure their thinking during a stressful situations
Which neurotransmitter is affected by antipsychotic medications?
Dopamine
What neurotransmitter is affected by the treatment of anti-anxiety medication?
Gada
Which neurotransmitter is affected by he treatment for antidepressant drug?
Serotonin- relates to be SSRI’s
