Chapter 6

Question 0

Selective Attention

Answer 0

The focusing of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus, the cocktail party effect

Question 1

Perception

Answer 1

Process of organizing and interpreting sensory information, enabling use to reconginize meaningful objects and events

Question 2

Cocktail Party Effect

Answer 2

The ability to only be able to focus on one voice out of all of the others

Question 3

Inattentional Blindness

Answer 3

Failing to see the visible objects when our attention is directed elsewhere

Question 4

Change Blindness

Answer 4

Lack of awareness of happenings in their visual environment when there is an interruption

Question 5

Change Deafness

Answer 5

Failure or notice a change/difference with auditory info

Question 6

Choice Blindness

Answer 6

The failure to notice our selection of a particular stimulus has changed

Question 7

Choice-Blindness Blindness

Answer 7

Exhibiting denial (blindness) to a falling victim to a hypothetical experiment

Question 8

Pop-Out Phenomenon

Answer 8

Strikingly distinct stimulus which draws our eye

Question 9

Illusions

Answer 9

A perception, as of visual stimuli (optical illusion), that represents what is perceived in a way different from reality

Question 10

Visual Capture

Answer 10

The tendency for vision to dominate the other senses

Question 11

Gestalt

Answer 11

An organized whole. Gestalt psychologist emphasized our tendency to integrate pieces of info into meaningful wholes

Question 12

Figure-Ground

Answer 12

The organization of the visual field into objects (the figures) that stand out from their surroundings

Question 13

Grouping

Answer 13

The perceptual tendency to organize stimuli into coherent groups

Question 14

Proximity

Answer 14

Grouping nearby figures together

Question 15

Similarity

Answer 15

Grouping together figures that are similar to each other

Question 16

Continuity

Answer 16

Perceiving smooth, continuous patterns rather than discontinuous ones

Question 17

Connectedness

Answer 17

Uniform and linked

Question 18

Closure

Answer 18

Fill in gaps to create complete whole object

Question 19

Depth Perception

Answer 19

The ability to see objects in 3-D although the images that strike the retina are 2-D, allows us to judge distance

Question 20

Visual Cliff

Answer 20

A laboratory device for testing depth perception in infants and young animals

Question 21

Binocular Cues

Answer 21

Depth cues, such as retinal disparity and convergence, that depend on the use of two eyes

Question 22

Retinal Disparity

Answer 22

A binocular cud for perceiving depth: by comparing images from two eyeballs the brain computes distance, the greater the disparity (difference) between the two images, the closer the object

Question 23

Convergence

Answer 23

A binocular cue for perceiving depth; the extent to which the eyes converge inward when looking at an object. The greater inward staring the closer the object

Question 24

Monocular Cues

Answer 24

Depth cues such as interposition and linear perspective, a variable to either eye alone

Question 25

Relative Size

Answer 25

Two objects similar in size, if one is smaller it must be further away

Question 26

Interposition

Answer 26

If one object partially blocks our view of another, we perceive it as closer

Question 27

Relative Clarity

Answer 27

We perceive hazy objects as father away than sharp clear objects

Question 28

Texture Gradient

Answer 28

Distinct texture to a fine, in distinct texture signals increasing distance

Question 29

Relative Height

Answer 29

We perceive objects higher in our field of vision as being farther away

Question 30

Relative Motion

Answer 30

Motion parallax: as we move, objects that aware actually stable may appear to move

Question 31

Linear Perspective

Answer 31

Parallel lines appear to converge with distance

Question 32

Light and Shadow

Answer 32

Nearby objects reflect more light to our eyes, dimmer objects seem farther away

Question 33

Phi Phenomenon

Answer 33

An allusion of movement created when two or more adjacent lights blink on and off in quick succession

Question 34

Stroboscopic Movement

Answer 34

The brain will perceive continuous movement in a rapid series of slightly varying images

Question 35

Perceptual Adaptation

Answer 35

In vision, the ability to adjust to an artificially displaced or even inverted visual field

Question 36

Context Effects

Answer 36

The context (environmental factors that surround an event effecting how it is perceived

Question 37

Perceptual Set

Answer 37

A mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not another

Question 38

Schema

Answer 38

Concepts that organize and interpret unfamiliar info

Question 39

Human Factors Psychologists

Answer 39

A branch of psychology that explores how people and machines interact and how machines and physical environments can be made safe and easy to use

Question 40

Extrasensory Perception

Answer 40

(ESP) controversial claim that perception can occur apart from sensory input

Question 41

Parapsychology

Answer 41

The study of paranormal phenomena including ESP and psychokinesis