Chapter 2-First Half

Question 0

Biological Psychology

Answer 0

A branch of psychology concerned with the links between biology and behavior

Question 1

Phrenology

Answer 1

ill-fated theory that claimed bumps on the skull could reveal our mental abilities and our character traits

Question 2

Neuron

Answer 2

A nerve cell, the basic building block of the nervous system

Question 3

Dendrite

Answer 3

The bushy branching extensions of a neuron that receives messages and conduct impulses toward the cell body

Question 4

Axon

Answer 4

The extension of a neuron, ending in branching terminal fivers through which messages pass to other neurons or to muscle glands

Question 5

Myelin Sheath

Answer 5

A layer of fatty tissue segmentally encasing the fivers of many neurons; enables vastly greater transmission speed of neural impulses as the impulses hop from one node to the next

Question 6

Action Potential

Answer 6

A neural impulse; a brief electrical charge that travels down an axon. The action potential is generated by the movement of positively charged atoms in and out of channels in the axons membranes

Question 7

Threshold

Answer 7

The level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse

Question 8

Synapse

Answer 8

The junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite or cell body of the receiving neuron. The gap is called the synaptic gap or cleft.
Involved Santiago, and Sherrington

Question 9

Neurotransmitter

Answer 9

Chemical messengers that traverse the synaptic gaps between neurons

Question 10

Acetylcholine, Ach

Answer 10

A neurotransmitter that enables learning and memory, also triggers muscle contraction

Question 11

Dopamine

Answer 11

Influences movement, learning, attention, and emotion

Question 12

Serotonin

Answer 12

Affects mood, hunger, sleep, and arousal (alertness)

Low levels=depression

Question 13

Endorphins

Answer 13

“Morphine within” natural neurotransmitter, linked to pain control and pleasure

Question 14

Nervous System

Answer 14

The body’s speedy electrochemical communication network, consists of all the nerve cells of the peripheral and central nervous systems

Question 15

Central Nervous System

Answer 15

The brain and spinal cord

Question 16

Peripheral Nervous System

Answer 16

The sensory and motor neurons that connect the CNS to the rest of the body

Question 17

Nerves

Answer 17

Neural “cables” containing many axons. Bundled axons make up central nervous systems with muscles glands and sense organs

Question 18

Sensory Neurons

Answer 18

Neurons that carry incoming info from the sense receptors to the central nervous system

Question 19

Motor neurons

Answer 19

Neurons that carry outgoing info from the CNS to the muscles and glands

Question 20

Interneurons

Answer 20

CNS neurons that communicate and intervene between the sensory inputs and motor outputs

Question 21

Somatic Nervous System

Answer 21

The division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the body’s skeletal muscles

Question 22

Autonomic Nervous System

Answer 22

Controls the glands and muscles of the internal organs

Question 23

Sympathetic Nervous System

Answer 23

autonomic nervous system; that arouses the body, mobilizing its energy in stressful situations

Question 24

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Answer 24

autonomic nervous system; that calms the body conserving energy

Question 25

Reflex

Answer 25

A simple, autonomic, inborn responses to a sensory stimulus, such as the knee-jerk response

Question 26

Lesions

Answer 26

Tissue destruction; brain tissue, sometimes done intentionally

Question 27

Neural Networks

Answer 27

Interconnected neural cells

Question 28

Endocrine System

Answer 28

The body’s chemical communication system, a set of glands that secrete hormones into the blood stream

Question 29

Hormones

Answer 29

Chemical messengers, mostly those manufactured by the endocrine glands

Question 30

Adrenal Glands

Answer 30

A pair of endocrine flames just above the kidneys, secrete the hormones epinephrine (adrenaline) and non-epinephrine (non-adrenaline), helps arouse the body in times of stress

Question 31

Pituitary Glands

Answer 31

The endocrine systems most influential gland. Regulates growth, and controls other endocrine glands

Question 32

EEG

Answer 32

Electroencephalogram; an amplified recording of waves of electrical activity that sweep across the brains surface

Question 33

PET Scan

Answer 33

Position emission tomography; a visual display of brain activity that detects where a radioactive form of glucose goes while the brain performs a given task

Question 34

MRI

Answer 34

Magnetic resonance imaging; magnetic fields and radio waves, images that distinguish different types of soft tissue, focuses on anatomy

Question 35

FMRI Scan

Answer 35

Functional magnetic resonance imaging; shows blood flow within the brain, thus revealing brains activity

Question 36

Refractory Period

Answer 36

After a neuron fires an action potential it pauses for a short period to recharge itself to fire again

Question 37

Norepinephrine

Answer 37

Alertness and arousal, “adrenaline”

Question 38

Antagonists

Answer 38

Inhibit neurotransmitters, blocks the receptor site denying the wanted action

Question 39

Agonists

Answer 39

This molecule excites, mimics effects on the receiving neuron
Ex, morphine, mimics endorphins