Chapter 18- Second Half Flashcards
Ingroup
“Us” -people with whom one shares a common identity
Outgroup
“Them “– those perceived as different or apart from one’s ingroup
In-group bias
The tendency to favor one’s own group
Scapegoat theory
The theory of the prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing some to blame
Just-world phenomenon
The tendency of people to believe the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get
Aggression
Any physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt or destroy
Frustration-aggression principle
The principle that frustration (the blocking of an attempt to achieve some goal)creates anger, which can generate aggression
Conflict
A perceived incompatibility of actions, goals, or ideas
Social traps
A situation in which the conflicting parties, by each rationally pursuing their self-interest, become caught in mutually destructive behavior
Mere-exposure effect
The phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them
The more time you spend with something the more you will like it, an “acquired taste”
Passionate love
An aroused state of intense positive absorption in another person, usually present at the beginning of a love relationship
Companionate love
The deep affection attachment you feel for those with whom our lives are intertwined
Equity
A condition in which people received from a relationship in proportion to what they give
Self-disclosure
Revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others
Altruism
Unselfish regard for the welfare of others
Bystander effect
The tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present
Social exchange theory
Theory that our social behavior is an exchange process, the aim of which is to maximize benefits and minimize cost
Reciprocity Norm
An expectation that people will, not hurt, those who have helped them
Social responsibility norm
Expectation that people will help those dependent upon them
Superordinate goals
Shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation
GRIT
Graduated in reciprocated initiatives intention-reduction-a strategy designed to decrease international tensions
Genetic influences
Aggression may be a genetic, possibly linked to the Y chromosome
Neural influence
Some centers in the brain, especially be the limbic system, amygalda, and the frontal lobe are involved in aggression
Biochemical influence
Testosterone and how it relates to aggression, injection of testosterone increases aggression
Aversive events
Humans experience unpleasant events makes one person feel miserable, that person then makes others feel miserable as well
Environment
Temperature can lead to aggression, higher temp= higher aggression levels
Proximity
Geographic nearness promotes attraction
Relates to mere exposure
Physical attraction
It increases opportunities for interaction
Similarity
Similar attitudes and interests increase attraction
