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Psychology Vocab > Biological Bases Of Bahavior > Flashcards

Biological Bases Of Bahavior Flashcards

1
Q

Physiological psychology

A

Behavior is influenced by biology

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2
Q

EEG

A

Electroencephalogram, measures bring electrical activity

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3
Q

CAT scans

A

Generate cross-sectional images of the brain using a series of X-ray pictures

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4
Q

MRI

A

Magnetic resonance imaging, uses electromagnets and radio waves to get a 3-D structural view of the brain

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5
Q

F MRI & PET scan

A

Allowed to View the brain as it’s working, PET use diffusion of radioactive glucose

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6
Q

Nervous system

A

Has two components, central nervous system and peripheral nervous system

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7
Q

Central nervous system

A

(CNS) consist of brain and spinal cord

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8
Q

Peripheral nervous system

A

(PNS) makes up all of the nerves in the body

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9
Q

Afferent nerves

A

Nerves that soon information to the brain are sensory

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10
Q

Efferent nerves

A

Conveys information from the brain are motor

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11
Q

Reflexes

A

Quick involuntary responses to environmental stimuli

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12
Q

PNS can be subdivided into 2 systems

A

Somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system

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13
Q

Somatic nervous system

A

Voluntary movements of skeletal muscles

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14
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A

Involuntary non-skeletal smooth muscles such as heart and stomach

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15
Q

Sympathetic nervous system

A

Process burns energy used in heightened state of physiological arousal or such as fight or flight

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16
Q

Fight or flight reaction

A

Increase in heart rate and respiration company by decreasing digestion and salivation used for survival

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17
Q

Parasympathetic nervous system

A

Responsible for conserving energy, calming

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18
Q

The rain is divided into three regions

A

The hidden brain, midbrain, forebrain

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19
Q

The Hindbrain

A

Oldest part, contains cerebellum, medulla oblongata, reticular formation, pons, thalamus

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20
Q

Cerebellum

A

Controls muscle tone and balance

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21
Q

Medulla oblongata

A

Controls involuntary actions such as breathing, the gesture, herpes, and swallowing (Basic life functions)

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22
Q

Reticular formation

A

Arousal (wakefulness and alertness)

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23
Q

Pons

A

Passing the information from brain region to another

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24
Q

Thalamus

A

Relays sensory information

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25
The midbrain
Major components are tectum and tegmentum
26
Tectum
The brains "roof"
27
Tegmentum
The brains "floor"
27
The forebrain
Contains a lot of shit
28
Limbic system
Emotional center of the brain, composed of hippocampus amygdala and hypothalamus
29
Hippocampus
Processing integrating memories, it's damaged cannot form new memories but can recall old memories
30
Amygdala
Expression of anger and frustration
31
Hypothalamus
Good picture and water balance of the body, controls hundred and sex drives, works with the sympathetic nervous system and endocrine system can be divided into lateral hip without them is in ventromedial hypothalamus
32
Lateral hypothalamus
The "on switch" for eating
33
Ventromedial hypothalamus
The "off switch" for eating
34
Cerebral cortex
Wrinkled putter layer of the brain, involved in higher cognitive functions such as thinking, planning, language use and fine motor skills
35
Sensory cortex
Receives sensory input
36
Motor cortex
Sends out motor information
37
Corpus callosum
Connects left and right hemispheres with connective nerve fibers
38
Broca's area
Damage to area results in aphasia, inability to speak
39
Wernicke's area
Damage to area results in inability to comprehend speech
40
Roger Sperry
Discovered that the two hemispheres can operate independent from each other work with split brain
41
Split brain patients
Had their corpus callouses severed to control seizures
42
Contralateral processing
When a person can draw or choose the object but cannot explain it verbally
43
Association areas
Responsible for associating information from the sensory a mortar cortices, damage in area can lead to apraxia, agnosia, alexia, agraphia
44
Apraxia
Inability to organize movement
45
Agnosia
Difficulty processing sensory input and
46
Alexia
Inability to read
47
Agraphia
Inability to write
48
Nerves
Are bundles of neurons
49
Neurons
The basic unit of the nervous system with a nucleated cell body
50
Dendrites
Receive input on a neurotransmitter level
51
Axon
A long tubelike structure, transmits a neural message
52
Myelin sheath
A fatty coating which speeds up the rate
53
Synapse
Gap between neurons
54
Neurotransmitters
Chemical messengers
55
Action potential or nerve impulse
When the neuron fires dependability of the cell membrane changes which permits electrically charged ions of potassium and sodium to enter the cell causing the release of the new transmitter
56
Excitatory neurotransmitters
Excite the call
57
Inhibitory neurotransmitters
Inhibit cell firing
58
Reuptake
When enzyme or neurotransmitter is absurd back into the cell that released it
59
Acetylcholine
Key neurotransmitter, fix memory function as well as muscle contraction
60
Serotonin
Related to arousal, sleep, pain, mood, hunger, will levels equals depression
61
Dopamine
Associate it with movement, attention, reward, dopamine and balances lead to Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia
62
GABA
Inhibitory neurotransmitter
63
Glutamate
Excitatory neurotransmitter her, all purpose counterpart to GABA
64
Norepinephrine
Effects levels of alertness, lack of is implicated in depression
65
Endorphins
Body's natural painkillers
66
Endocrine system
Body's chemical information system, utilizes the release of hormones through glands
67
Pituitary gland
The master gland, releases hormones, which in turn control hormonal release
68
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
stimulates the adrenal glands, resulting in fiber for reactions
69
Adrenal glands
Secrete epinephrine and non-epinephrine
70
Thyroid gland
Located at the front of the neck provides thyroxine
71
Thyroxine
Important for regulating cellular metabolism
72
Traits
Distinctive characteristics determined by genetics
73
Dominant trait
More likely to be expressed in offspring than recessive trait
74
Genotype
Comprises all of the possible combination of genes
75
Phenotype
The observable result
76
Down syndrome
Kurz when there are three copies of the 21st chromosome, causes mental retardation
77
Huntington's chorea
Genetic disorder resulting Muslim, does not affect until 40 years old, degeneration of structure of brain and is fatal
78
Heritability
The degree of variance among individuals which can be attributed to genetic variations
79
Environmentality
The degree to which the treats expression is caused by the environment
80
Nature versus nurture debate
Nature: skills are born with them Nurture: skills are learned through experiences

Psychology Vocab (33 decks)

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