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Psychology Vocab > Biological Bases Of Bahavior > Flashcards

Biological Bases Of Bahavior Flashcards

1
Q

Physiological psychology

A

Behavior is influenced by biology

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2
Q

EEG

A

Electroencephalogram, measures bring electrical activity

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3
Q

CAT scans

A

Generate cross-sectional images of the brain using a series of X-ray pictures

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4
Q

MRI

A

Magnetic resonance imaging, uses electromagnets and radio waves to get a 3-D structural view of the brain

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5
Q

F MRI & PET scan

A

Allowed to View the brain as it’s working, PET use diffusion of radioactive glucose

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6
Q

Nervous system

A

Has two components, central nervous system and peripheral nervous system

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7
Q

Central nervous system

A

(CNS) consist of brain and spinal cord

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8
Q

Peripheral nervous system

A

(PNS) makes up all of the nerves in the body

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9
Q

Afferent nerves

A

Nerves that soon information to the brain are sensory

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10
Q

Efferent nerves

A

Conveys information from the brain are motor

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11
Q

Reflexes

A

Quick involuntary responses to environmental stimuli

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12
Q

PNS can be subdivided into 2 systems

A

Somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system

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13
Q

Somatic nervous system

A

Voluntary movements of skeletal muscles

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14
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A

Involuntary non-skeletal smooth muscles such as heart and stomach

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15
Q

Sympathetic nervous system

A

Process burns energy used in heightened state of physiological arousal or such as fight or flight

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16
Q

Fight or flight reaction

A

Increase in heart rate and respiration company by decreasing digestion and salivation used for survival

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17
Q

Parasympathetic nervous system

A

Responsible for conserving energy, calming

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18
Q

The rain is divided into three regions

A

The hidden brain, midbrain, forebrain

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19
Q

The Hindbrain

A

Oldest part, contains cerebellum, medulla oblongata, reticular formation, pons, thalamus

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20
Q

Cerebellum

A

Controls muscle tone and balance

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21
Q

Medulla oblongata

A

Controls involuntary actions such as breathing, the gesture, herpes, and swallowing (Basic life functions)

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22
Q

Reticular formation

A

Arousal (wakefulness and alertness)

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23
Q

Pons

A

Passing the information from brain region to another

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24
Q

Thalamus

A

Relays sensory information

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25
Q

The midbrain

A

Major components are tectum and tegmentum

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26
Q

Tectum

A

The brains “roof”

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27
Q

Tegmentum

A

The brains “floor”

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27
Q

The forebrain

A

Contains a lot of shit

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28
Q

Limbic system

A

Emotional center of the brain, composed of hippocampus amygdala and hypothalamus

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29
Q

Hippocampus

A

Processing integrating memories, it’s damaged cannot form new memories but can recall old memories

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30
Q

Amygdala

A

Expression of anger and frustration

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31
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Good picture and water balance of the body, controls hundred and sex drives, works with the sympathetic nervous system and endocrine system can be divided into lateral hip without them is in ventromedial hypothalamus

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32
Q

Lateral hypothalamus

A

The “on switch” for eating

33
Q

Ventromedial hypothalamus

A

The “off switch” for eating

34
Q

Cerebral cortex

A

Wrinkled putter layer of the brain, involved in higher cognitive functions such as thinking, planning, language use and fine motor skills

35
Q

Sensory cortex

A

Receives sensory input

36
Q

Motor cortex

A

Sends out motor information

37
Q

Corpus callosum

A

Connects left and right hemispheres with connective nerve fibers

38
Q

Broca’s area

A

Damage to area results in aphasia, inability to speak

39
Q

Wernicke’s area

A

Damage to area results in inability to comprehend speech

40
Q

Roger Sperry

A

Discovered that the two hemispheres can operate independent from each other work with split brain

41
Q

Split brain patients

A

Had their corpus callouses severed to control seizures

42
Q

Contralateral processing

A

When a person can draw or choose the object but cannot explain it verbally

43
Q

Association areas

A

Responsible for associating information from the sensory a mortar cortices, damage in area can lead to apraxia, agnosia, alexia, agraphia

44
Q

Apraxia

A

Inability to organize movement

45
Q

Agnosia

A

Difficulty processing sensory input and

46
Q

Alexia

A

Inability to read

47
Q

Agraphia

A

Inability to write

48
Q

Nerves

A

Are bundles of neurons

49
Q

Neurons

A

The basic unit of the nervous system with a nucleated cell body

50
Q

Dendrites

A

Receive input on a neurotransmitter level

51
Q

Axon

A

A long tubelike structure, transmits a neural message

52
Q

Myelin sheath

A

A fatty coating which speeds up the rate

53
Q

Synapse

A

Gap between neurons

54
Q

Neurotransmitters

A

Chemical messengers

55
Q

Action potential or nerve impulse

A

When the neuron fires dependability of the cell membrane changes which permits electrically charged ions of potassium and sodium to enter the cell causing the release of the new transmitter

56
Q

Excitatory neurotransmitters

A

Excite the call

57
Q

Inhibitory neurotransmitters

A

Inhibit cell firing

58
Q

Reuptake

A

When enzyme or neurotransmitter is absurd back into the cell that released it

59
Q

Acetylcholine

A

Key neurotransmitter, fix memory function as well as muscle contraction

60
Q

Serotonin

A

Related to arousal, sleep, pain, mood, hunger, will levels equals depression

61
Q

Dopamine

A

Associate it with movement, attention, reward, dopamine and balances lead to Parkinson’s disease and schizophrenia

62
Q

GABA

A

Inhibitory neurotransmitter

63
Q

Glutamate

A

Excitatory neurotransmitter her, all purpose counterpart to GABA

64
Q

Norepinephrine

A

Effects levels of alertness, lack of is implicated in depression

65
Q

Endorphins

A

Body’s natural painkillers

66
Q

Endocrine system

A

Body’s chemical information system, utilizes the release of hormones through glands

67
Q

Pituitary gland

A

The master gland, releases hormones, which in turn control hormonal release

68
Q

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

A

stimulates the adrenal glands, resulting in fiber for reactions

69
Q

Adrenal glands

A

Secrete epinephrine and non-epinephrine

70
Q

Thyroid gland

A

Located at the front of the neck provides thyroxine

71
Q

Thyroxine

A

Important for regulating cellular metabolism

72
Q

Traits

A

Distinctive characteristics determined by genetics

73
Q

Dominant trait

A

More likely to be expressed in offspring than recessive trait

74
Q

Genotype

A

Comprises all of the possible combination of genes

75
Q

Phenotype

A

The observable result

76
Q

Down syndrome

A

Kurz when there are three copies of the 21st chromosome, causes mental retardation

77
Q

Huntington’s chorea

A

Genetic disorder resulting Muslim, does not affect until 40 years old, degeneration of structure of brain and is fatal

78
Q

Heritability

A

The degree of variance among individuals which can be attributed to genetic variations

79
Q

Environmentality

A

The degree to which the treats expression is caused by the environment

80
Q

Nature versus nurture debate

A

Nature: skills are born with them

Nurture: skills are learned through experiences

Psychology Vocab (33 decks)

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