Chapter 11 Flashcards
Reification
Viewing an abstract immaterial concept as if it were a concrete thing
Intelligence
The ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations
Factor analysis
Procedure that identifies clusters of related factors on a test
Charles Spearman
First person to identify an intelligence theory, created the g-factor
General Intelligence
Mental abilities measured by every day tasks on an intelligence test
L. L. Thurstone
Rejected G-factor, determined there were 7 different mental abilities
Howard Gardner
Supports Thurston, Gardner has his own 8 characteristics, believes brain damage may diminish abilities
Savant Syndrome
A condition in which a person otherwise limited and mental ability has an exceptional specific skill, such as drawing
Robert Sternberg
Agrees with Gardner, but states there are three categories
Practical, analytical, and creative
Emotional Intelligence
The ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions
Creativity
The ability to produce novel and valuable ideas
Intelligence tests
Assess individual’s mental aptitude and compares them with those of others
Alfred Binet
Created the IQ test, and concept of mental age
Mental Age
The chronological age that most typically corresponds to a given level of performance
Lewis Terman
Revised Binets original IQ, made the Stanford-Binet test
Stanford-Binet
The widely used American revision of Binets original test
Intelligence Quotient (IQ)
Rate of mental age to chronological age multiplied by 100, the average score is 100
Aptitude tests
A test designed to predict a person’s future performance
Achievement tests
A test designed to assess what a person has learned
Weschsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
Most widely used intelligence test; contains a verbal and performance (non-verbal) subtest
Standardization
Defining a meaningful scores by comparison with the performance of a pretested sub standardize group
The Flynn effect
Intelligence test performance has been improving
Normal curve
The symmetrical bell shaped curve that describes the distribution of many physical and psychological attributes
Reliability
The extent to which a test yields consistent results
Validity
The extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to do
Content validity
The extent to which a test samples (mimics) the behavior that is of interest
Criterion
The behavior that a test is designed to predict, example; grades in college to the AC T
Predictive validity
The success with which a test predicts the behavior it is designed to predict
Mental retardation
A condition of limited mental ability; indicated by an intelligence test score of 70 or below and difficulty in adapting to the demands of life
Down syndrome
Hey condition of retardation and associated physical disorders caused by an extra chromosome in one’s genetic makeup
Stereotype threat
Hey self confirming concern that one will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype
