Chapter 15- First Half Flashcards
Sigmund Freud
Influence Western culture, developed the psycho analytic theory, the first comprehensive theory of personality
Personality
All individuals characteristic pattern of thinking feeling and acting
Free association
In psychoanalysis, method of exploring the unconscious where people relax and say whatever comes to mind
Psychoanalysis
Freud’s theory of personality that attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts
Unconscious
Part of the mind that contains material that we are unaware of but strongly influences our behavior
ID
unconscious system of personality, consists of basic sexual and aggressive drives (devil)
Ego
conscious division of personality that attempts to mediate between the demands of the Id superego and reality (umpire) balance the demands
Super ego
Part of the personality that contains the conscience and develops by incorporating the perceived moral standards of society (angel)
Psychosexual stages
The childhood stages of development parentheses oral, anal, phallic, latency, genitalia parentheses during which the IDs pleasure seeking energies focused on distinct erogenous zones
Oedipus complex
A boy sexual desire towards his mother and feelings of jealousy and hatred for the rival father
Identification
The process by which children incorporate their parents values into their developing super egos
Fixate
A lingering focus of pleasure seeking energies earlier psychosexual stage where conflicts were unresolved
Defense mechanisms
Specific means by which the ego unconsciously protects itself against unpleasant impulses or circumstances
Repression
In psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism in the banishes anxiety arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories from consciousness
Regression
Psychoanalytic defense mechanism in which an individual faced with anxiety retreats to a more infantile psychosexual stage
“Whine like a baby”
Reaction formation
“The opposite” causes ego to unconsciously switch unacceptable impulses into their opposites
Projection
When people disguise their own threatening impulses by attributing them to others
“Projecting” ones own flaws to another
Rationalization
Defense mechanism that offers self justifying explanations in place of the real, more threatening, unconscious reasons for one’s actions
Displacement
Psychoanalytic defense mechanism of that shift sexual or aggressive impulses towards a more acceptable or less threatening object or person, redirecting towards a safer outlet
When upset directing anger to another person/thing that is not at fault
Alfred Adler
Inferiority complex-a pattern of avoiding feelings of inadequacy rather than trying to over come them
If people get things handed to them and don’t do things
Karen Horney
Penis envy, believed that the social tensions and the people who surround us everyday allows for us to develop a personality
Childhood anxiety triggers our desire for love
Carl Jung
Focused on the part of the mind that is universal to all and developed the collective unconscious
Collective unconscious
Carl Jungs concept of a shared, inherited reservoir of memory traces from our species history
Projective tests
A personality test, the Tat, provides ambiguous stimuli designed to trigger projection of one’s own interpretation- answer freely
TAT
Thematic appreciation test (TAT) projective test which people express their inner feelings and interests through stories they make up about ambiguous scenes
Rorschach inkblot test
Most widely used projective test, a set of 10 inkblots, designed by Hermann Rorschach; seeks to identify peoples inner feelings by analyzing their interpretations of the inkblots
Objective personality test
A forced choice test designed to study personality characteristics
