Chapter 9- First Half (memory) Flashcards
Memory
The persistence of learning overtime and through The storage and retrieval of information
Flashbulb Memories
A clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Encoding
The processing of information into the memory system pulling meaning out of the situation
Storage
The retention of encoded information overtime
Retrieval
The process of getting information out of memory storage
Sensory memory
Immediate brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
Short-term memory
memory that holds a few items briefly
Long-term memory
The relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system
Working memory
A newer understanding of information retrieved from long-term memory
Automatic processing
Unconscious encoding of incidental information such as time
Effortful processing
Encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
Rehearsal
The conscious repetition of information
Spacing effect
Tendency for distributed study or practice to you better long-term retention and has achieved through massed study or practice
Serial position effect
Our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
Visual encoding
The encoding of picture images
Acoustic encoding
Encoding sound especially those of words
Semantic encoding
The encoding of meaning including the meaning of words
Self reference effect
Adjectives to describe someone else we usually forget adjectives to describe ourselves we remember
Imagery
Mental pictures a powerful aid to effortful processing
Neumonic devices
Memory aids especially those that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
Rosy retrospection
Memory seems more positive than it was when it occured
Chunking
Organizing items into familiar manageable units often occurs automatically
Method of Loci
(memory palace or mind palace) method of memory enhancement which uses visualization to organize and recall information
Hierarchies
When info is broken down into a few broad concepts, then divided into lesser concepts, categories, and facts
