Chapter 4- First Half

Question 0

Zygote

Answer 0

The fertilized egg; it enters a two-week period of rapid cell division and develops into an embryo

Question 1

Developmental psychology

Answer 1

A branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the lifespan

Question 2

Embryo

Answer 2

The developing human organism from about two weeks after fertilization through the second month

Question 3

Fetus

Answer 3

The developing human organism from nine weeks after conception to birth

Question 4

Teratogens

Answer 4

Agents such as chemicals and viruses, they can reach the embryo or fetus during prenatal development and cause harm

Question 5

Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)

Answer 5

Physical and cognitive abnormalities in children caused by a pregnant woman’s heavy drinking

Question 6

Rooting reflex

Answer 6

Hey babies tendency, when touched on the cheek, to turn towards the touch, open the mouth, and search for the nipple

Question 7

Habituation

Answer 7

Decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation. As infants become familiar with repeated exposure to stimulus, their interest decreases

Question 8

Maturation

Answer 8

Biological growth processes that enable orderly changes in behavior, relatively uninfluenced by experience

Question 9

Jean Piaget

Answer 9

French Developmental psychologists, created the concept of schemas

Question 10

Schemas

Answer 10

A concept or framework that organizes and interprets information

Question 11

Assimilation

Answer 11

Interpreting one’s new experiences in terms of one’s existing schemas

Question 12

Accommodation

Answer 12

Adapting one’s current understandings (schemas) to incorporate new information

Question 13

Cognition

Answer 13

All the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating

Question 14

Sensorimotor Stage

Answer 14

In Piaget’s theory, The stage (from

Birth to two) during which infants, know the world mostly in terms of their sensory impressions and motor activities

Question 15

Object performance

Answer 15

The awareness that things continue to exist even when not perceived

Question 16

Preoperational stage

Answer 16

In Piaget’s theory, the stage ( 2-6/7) during which a child learns to use language but does not yet understand the mental operations of concrete logic

Question 17

Conservation

Answer 17

The principal (Piaget believes as concrete operational reasoning) that properties such as mass, volume, and numbers remain the same despite changes in the forms of objects

Question 18

Egocentrism

Answer 18

In Piaget’s theory, The pre-operational child’s difficulty taking another’s point of view

Question 19

Theory of mind

Answer 19

Peoples ideas about their own and others’ mental states-feelings, perceptions, thoughts, and the behavior of my project

Question 20

Autism

Answer 20

A disorder appearing in childhood marked by deficient communication, social interactions, and understanding of other states of mind

Question 21

Concrete operational stage

Answer 21

In Piaget’s theory, the stage of cognitive development (6/7-11) during which children gain the mental operations that enable them to think logically about concrete events

Question 22

Formal operational stage

Answer 22

In Piaget’s theory the stage of cognitive development (beginning at 12) during which people begin to think logically about abstract things

Question 23

Harry Harlow

Answer 23

Looked at attachments with surrogate mothers because of bodily contact not nourishment

Question 24

Stranger anxiety

Answer 24

The fear of strangers that infants commonly display beginning at eight months

Question 25

Mary Ainsworth

Answer 25

Studied attachment differences by observing mom-baby pairs in a home for the first six months

Question 26

Attachment

Answer 26

And emotional tie with another person; shown by young children seeking closeness

Question 27

Secure attachment

Answer 27

Child can play and explore the world comfortably when mom is present, gets distressed when she leaves but seeks body contact when she returns

Question 28

Insecure attachment

Answer 28

The baby explores less, gets upset when mom leaves and remains upset or indifferent when she returns