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Physiology > Section 7: Digestion and Absorption of Fats > Flashcards

Section 7: Digestion and Absorption of Fats Flashcards

1
Q

LA funeral director takes in about __ times as much fat as Japaneses coal miner

A

5

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2
Q

True or False? About 75% of consumed fats is absorbed.

A

F. nearly all

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3
Q

What percent of consumed fat is secreted in feces?

A

0%, excreted fats come from bacteria

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4
Q

What produces fat in the feces?

A

bacteria

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5
Q

Steatorrhea is more than __ gm/day of fat in the feces:

A

6gm/day

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6
Q

Organs involve in fat absorption and digestion:

A

liver, gallbladder, duodenum, ileum, portal blood supply

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7
Q

Most dietary fats are :

A

triglycerides

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8
Q

What are the 2 parts to fat digestion?

A

in lumen, in intestinal epithelial cells

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9
Q

In which part of the small intestines does the emulsification of fats take place?

A

the lumen

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10
Q

Bile salts + ? help emulsiy:

A

lecithin (phospholipid)

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11
Q

What aide in the emulsification of fats?

A

mixing by smooth muscle and HCO3- -rich fluid from pancreas and liver

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12
Q

Emulsification work best within this pH range?

A

6-8.5

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13
Q

Function of emulsification:

A

increases surface area

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14
Q

These are both secreted from the pancreas and function in fat digestion:

A

lipase and colipase

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15
Q

Functions of collapse:

A

aids in lipase attachment, allows lipase to work at lower pH, and prevent inactivation of lipase by bile salts

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16
Q

The long chain end of this compound is on the inside of the emulsion droplet:

A

lecithin

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17
Q

Lecithin and phoshoplipids involved in fat breakdown are secreted from:

A

the liver

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18
Q

emulsion droplets are broken down to:

A

glycerol, monoglycerides, and fatty acids

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19
Q

Amphiphilic molecules of fat digestion that can be incorporated into micelles:

A

detergent molecules, benzene, long-chain alcohol, conjugated trihyroxy bile sale, cholesterol, lecithin

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20
Q

True or False? Glycerol is fat soluble.

A

F. Water soluble

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21
Q

Contents of mixed micelles:

A

2-monoglycerides, free fatty acids and some fat-soluble vitamins

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22
Q

What favors the incorporation of fat digestion products into micelles?

A

high concentrations of amphiphilic compounds in bile

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23
Q

The concentration at which micelles form:

A

critical micelle concentration

24
Q

When and where do mixed micelles form?

A

at very low concentrations of bile acids, cholesterol and lecithin in the lumen of the small intestine or in the lumen of the gallbladder (especially overnight when bile is concentrated)

25
Q

Can micelles difuse through the unstirred layer?

A

Yes

26
Q

High concentration of micelles mead rapid diffusion of fats through this layer to the epithelium

A

unstirred layer, into enterocyte via brush border

27
Q

Compounds that can cross from the lumen into the intracellular space of epithelial cells:

A

glycerol, monoglyceride, fatty acid, lysolecitihin and cholesterol

28
Q

Compounds that can combine to form chylomicrons in the intracellular space of epithelial cells:

A

triglycerides, lecithin, cholesterol esters, and free cholesterol

29
Q

How do chylomicrons exit the epithelial cell of the lumen?

A

exocytosis, then pass through large inter endothelial channels of lymphatic capillaries and enter the lymph

30
Q

fat soluble vitamins are absorbed via this pathway:

A

micelle-chylomicron pathway

31
Q

True or False? Fat soluble vitamins are digested by lipase.

A

F

32
Q

What’s left of micelles after absorption of fat digestion products, cholesterol and lecithin?

A

bile acids

33
Q

Can conjugated, unconjugated, or both types of bile acids be absorbed in the ileum?

A

both, unconjugated: diffusion, conjugated: ASBT (apical sodium bile acid c-transporter)

34
Q

ASBT stands for:

A

apical sodium bile acid c-transporter

35
Q

Via which type(s) of transport does the absorption of bile acids in the ileum take place?

A

diffusion and secondary active transport

36
Q

How do bile acids travel from the cells of the ileum to the liver

A

OSTalpha-OSTbeta (Farnesoid X Receptor?) on the basolateral membrane to the portal blood to the liver

37
Q

What type of circulation is used for bile acids?

A

enterohepatic circulation

38
Q

Bile acids enter ___ at from the ileum while fat and fat-soluble vitamins enter ___ at the earlier part of the lumen.

A

portal blood, lymph

39
Q

Most plan and animal fats are thyroid gland made up of __ and ___ fatty acids.

A

C14 and C18

40
Q

short chain fatty acids are fatty acids of less than __- carbon length.

A

12

41
Q

Where do we get our supply of short chain fatty acids?

A

diet or produce by bacteria in the distal intestine.

42
Q

In which part of our body do bacteria produce short chain fatty acids?

A

distal intestines

43
Q

Are short chain fatty acids absorbed via the micelle-cyloiicron pathway?

A

no

44
Q

Where are short chain fatty acids absorbed and list 3:

A

colon: acetate, proppionate, butyrate

45
Q

How do short chain fatty acids get into the cell in the colon?

A

Either exchanger or diffusion, i.e. SCFA-/HCO3- or butyrate/ Cl-

46
Q

the short chain fatty acids that enter the intracellular space of cells in the colon enter via this type of diffusion:

A

nonionic

47
Q

True or False? Cholesterol and lecithin are both reabsorbed in the earliest part of the ileum.

A

F. latest part of the jejunum

48
Q

List 3 ions that are absorbed past immediately past the stomach and before the entry of bile and pancreatic enzymes:

A

Ca2+, Mg2+, and Fe2+

49
Q

normal dietary fat absorption is ___% efficient.

A

100%

50
Q

True or False? Absorption of conjugated bile acids in the large intestines is active.

A

T

51
Q

Immediately past the pancreas fats are hydrolyzed to free fatty acids and ____

A

2-monoglycerides

52
Q

How many calories does one gram of fat contain?

A

9 calories

53
Q

How many calories does 1 gram of carbohydrates/ protein have?

A

4

54
Q

Drug that helps block fat absorption in the body and mechanism of action:

A

Xenical (orlistat), binds to lipase blocking triglycerides from absorption, creating a calorie deficiency, hydrogenated derivative of lipstatin

55
Q

What is lipstatin a natural product of?

A

Streptomyces toxyricini

56
Q

Common side effect of alli:

A

orange fatty discharge (looks like pizza grease), stomach pain, problems controlling bowel movements

57
Q

What can a long term diet too low in fat cause?

A

depression, skin problems and battle hair and can block absorption of “good” fats like Omega-3’s

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