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Physiology > Section 3 Somatosensory > Flashcards

Section 3 Somatosensory Flashcards

1
Q

4 features of the stimulus encoded by somatosensory receps:

A

nature, intensity, duration, location

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2
Q

Deeper receps sense:

A

movement of large portions of tissues, pulling it from bone

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3
Q

These are low-threshold mechanoreceptors:

A

free nerve endings

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4
Q

Myleinated S afferent receptors:

A

Low threshold mechanoreceptors (MR), Nocioceptors, cool receptors

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5
Q

Unmyelinated S afferent receps:

A

nocioceptors, warm and cool receptors, itch receps, low-threshold MRs (CT)

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6
Q

Low-threshold MRs that are myelinated transmit?

A

discriminative touch

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7
Q

Low-threshold MRs that are unmyelinated transmit?

A

Emotional Touch

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8
Q

What wraps around the base of a hair?

A

Straight or spiral endings

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9
Q

Generator Potential:

A

Will generate an AP if large enough

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10
Q

T or F? Generator Potentials always lead to APs.

A

F. only if large enough

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11
Q

T or F? Mechanoreceptor channels propogate APs.

A

F. Voltage-sensitive Na channels do

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12
Q

What allows ions to pass through the membrane to initiate a GP?

A

Conformational change of MR channels

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13
Q

Are generator potentials graded or all-or-nothing?

A

graded

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14
Q

T or F? A graded potential can lead to an all-or-nothing AP.

A

T

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15
Q

The larger the hair movements:

A

the more channels open, and more AP generation

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16
Q

Input is pooled here in the hopes of generating an AP:

A

the trigger zone

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17
Q

What does the # of APs generated depend upon?

A

Stimulus strength and type of MR.

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18
Q

T or F? A weak stimulus activates fewer endings than a strong or larger stimulus.

A

T

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19
Q

Most mechanoreceptors are associated with:

A

special strucutures that allow them to respond to a particular kind of stimulus

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20
Q

Do mechanoreceps respond better to steady stimuli or changing stimuli.

A

Depends on the type of recep

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21
Q

What causes GPs in Meissner corpuscles?

A

Axons trapped in layers gets squished, pressure compresses the nerve ending

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22
Q

Meisnner Corpuscle is involved in what and located where:

A

fine, tactile discrimination, near skin surface

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23
Q

Where do the axon endings of Meissner’s corpuscles lie?

A

w in a stack of epi cell inside a thin capsule

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24
Q

What type of sensory input do Meissner’s corpuscles transmit?

A

fine tactile discrimination

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25
Q

Rapid adaptation (aka fast adaption):

A

receps that only respond to changing stimuli

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26
Q

Rapid adaptation is good for:

A

rapid changes in intensity or location of a stimulus

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27
Q

When do rapid adapting receps send no signal?

A

when the pressure remains constant

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28
Q

When do rapid adapting receps send signals?

A

lots when P is inc, few when P is dec

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29
Q

Merkel endings:

A

disc-shaped nerve terminals that contact Merkel cells in basal epidermis

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30
Q

T or F?

A

Both Merkel cells and the nerve endings respond to touch. T

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31
Q

Are Merkel endings slow or rapid adapting?

A

slow

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32
Q

How do Miessner’s Corpuscle’s and Merkel cells differ in the beginning of stimulus?

A

(inc pressure) same kind of response

Keep pressure on: the Merkel cells don’t adapt and keep reporting back about the stimulus

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33
Q

Are Meissner’s corpuscles slow or rapid adapting?

A

rapid

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34
Q

This type of receptor will continue to send APs with maintained pressure while this type will not.

A

Merkel cells, Meissner’s Corpuscles

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35
Q

Pacinian Corpuscles:

A

subcuatneous, all over body (nerve in middle of onion), very sensitive, fast adapting, respond best to vibration

36
Q

This receptor is a fluid-filled capsule:

A

Pacinian corpuscle

37
Q

What do Pacinian corpuscles respond best to?

A

vibration

38
Q

This type of recep responds well to rapid indentations of the skin, essentially no response to a steady state stimulus:

A

Pacinian corpuscle

39
Q

Name the rapid adapting receps:

A

Pacinian and Meissner’s Corpuscles

40
Q

How to test for the first signs of peripheral neuropothy:

A

Hit tuning fork against heel

41
Q

What receptor type is used to test for peripheral neuropathy?

A

Pacinian corpuscles

42
Q

Ruffini endings:

A

subcutaneous, common in the mouth, finger-like projections located bw longitudinal non-elastic collagen strands, compress these and get a GP, slow adaptors

43
Q

What receptor type is most common in the CT of the mouth?

A

Ruffini endings

44
Q

What are the slow-adapting receps?

A

Merkel Cells and Ruffini endings

45
Q

These receptors are good for sensing details of shapes:

A

Merkel cells

46
Q

These receps are good for sensing skin stretch:

A

Ruffini endings

47
Q

What are the 2 surface receps?

A

Meissner’s Corpuscles and Merkel cells

48
Q

What are the 2 deep receps?

A

Pacinian corpuslces and Ruffini endings

49
Q

C-tactile afferents:

A

slowly conducting, unmy, in hairy skin, very low indentation forces and stroking, best at neutral temp, large, vaguely-defined receptive fields, correlated with pleasant sensations, connected to sections of the brain involved with emotional processing

50
Q

T or F? C-Tactile Afferents are good for localization and discrimination.

A

F

51
Q

What are C-tactile afferents good for?

A

affective, emotional processing

52
Q

Receptive fields:

A

location where a change in the stimulus leads to a change in the firing of the cell

53
Q

Receptive fields give you info about:

A

the size of the field

54
Q

Smaller recep field, (more/less) discriminative ability, fibers innervate (smaller/larger) regions (like fingertips

A

more, smaller

55
Q

Size is a function of:

A

how widely the nerve endings of the receptive field branches

56
Q

Do the fingers and lips have many or few receptive fields?

A

many

57
Q

The greater the representation in the homonculus:

A

the more axons innervate the tissues

58
Q

Which receps have small receptive field sizes and which have large recep field sizes?

A

small: Meissner’s corpuscles and Merkel cells, large: Pacinian corpuscle and Rufffini endings

59
Q

T or F? Deep receptors have relatively large receptive fields.

A

T

60
Q

T or F? Surface receptors have relatively large receptive fields.

A

F. Relatively small

61
Q

T or F? Some receptor field in the dorsal (posterior) column nuclei collect input from multiple secondary afferents.

A

F. multiple PRIMARY afferents (convergence)

62
Q

Where are the second-order neurons of receptive fields located?

A

medulla (nuc gracilus and cuneatus, right?)

63
Q

Some receptive fields in the dorsal (posterior) column nuclei are large bc:

A

they collect input from multiple primary afferents

64
Q

Some receptive fields in the dorsal (posterior) column nuclei are small bc:

A

of inhibitory circuits

65
Q

T or F? The receptive fields of a cell in the medulla is the same size as any one of its inputs.

A

F. larger

66
Q

What will receptive fields in the dorsal (posterior) column nuclei respond best to?

A

large stimulus bc they all add their excitation onto the target cell (convergence)

67
Q

Explain why some receptive fields are small.

A

Touch only surrounding areas: no response, each connected to interneurons that inhibit target cell, surrounding cells inhibit the cell

68
Q

Where does the stimulus have to be to respond well with a small receptive field?

A

touch sensor only, inhibited if you also touch, or only touch, surrounding area, tells brain small stimulus in an isolated area of touch

69
Q

Center-surround organization is typical in:

A

thalamus, cortex, visual, and auditory systems

70
Q

What does CSO tell us?

A

where things are and where they are not

71
Q

How are neurons arranged in the somatosensory cortex?

A

columns, cells in each column respond to a specific type of input from a specific part of the body (vibration, touch, etc.)

72
Q

How is information in the SS cortex processed?

A

in columns, goes all the way through the cortex

73
Q

Off-center, on-surround:

A

inhibited if center is touched, activated if periphery is touched

74
Q

Explain how orientation and direction is sensed in the finger.

A

Push finger, must be in the right receptor field location and orientation, turn 90’ and you get no response, selectivity for edge orientation and direction

75
Q

Areas where somatosensory info comes together with visual, chemosensory, and other types of info:

A

polysensory

76
Q

Why are polysensory areas important?

A

Determining how palatable food is

77
Q

T or F? Attention can modify activity of cortical somatosensory neurons.

A

T

78
Q

Role of attention:

A

Modifying activity of S cortex AND SS axons. Focus on R foot, you can turn this sense up and your SS cortex will inc in action depending on level of (?) attention

79
Q

What area of the brain filters response?

A

thalamus

80
Q

How many different types of nerve fibers are there in the oral cavity?

A

6: a-beta, A-delta-fast, A-delta-slow, and 3 kinds of C fibers

81
Q

What structures receive and transmit information from the PL?

A

free nerve endings (pain probably) and Ruffini mechanoreceps

82
Q

Fxn of Periodontal Ruffini endings:

A

provide info about tooth loading and direction the teeth are being pushed

83
Q

Ruffini endings fire the most when the teeth are pushed in these directions (top 4)

A

Distal, Facial, Up, then Mesial

84
Q

T or F?The perio ligament will remain after a dental implant.

A

F. Disappears

85
Q

Why don’t you get nervous info about a tooth after an implant has been placed?

A

No perio ligament, no info about tooth loading for regulation of oral motor function either

86
Q

What type of receptors are free nerve endings?

A

Low-threshold mechanoreceptors

Physiology (55 decks)

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