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Physiology > Section 6 Female Reproduction > Flashcards

Section 6 Female Reproduction Flashcards

1
Q

Do increased estrogen levels negatively or positively feedback to GnRH in the early to mid-follicular phase?

A

neg

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2
Q

Do increased estrogen levels negatively or positively feedback to FSH in the early to mid-follicular phase?

A

negatively

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3
Q

Do increased estrogen levels negatively or positively feedback to granuloma cells in the early to mid-follicular phase?

A

positively

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4
Q

Do increased estrogen levels negatively or positively feedback to LH in the early to mid-follicular phase?

A

negatively

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5
Q

Does high estrogen output negatively or positively feedback to GnRH in the late follicular phase and ovulation?

A

positively

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6
Q

Does inhibin negatively or positively feedback to FSH in the late follicular phase and ovulation?

A

negatively

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7
Q

Do small amounts of progesterone negatively or positively feedback to GnRH in the late follicular phase and ovulation?

A

positively

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8
Q

Do small amounts of progesterone negatively or positively feedback to LH in the late follicular phase and ovulation?

A

positively

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9
Q

On which cells do androgens act?

A

granulosa cells

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10
Q

Increased levels of what will inhibit GNRH in the early to mid-luteal phase?

A

estrogen, progesterone, and inhibin

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11
Q

True or False? Increased levels of estrogen, progesterone, and inhibin inhibit both FSH and LH.

A

T. check (both anterior and posterior pituitary gland.

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12
Q

From where does the corpus luteum arise?

A

ovulated follicle

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13
Q

Theca cells are analogous to:

A

leydig cells

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14
Q

Theca call function:

A

make testosterone

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15
Q

granulosa cells are analogous to:

A

male sertoli cells

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16
Q

What do granuloma cells get surrounded by?

A

theca cells

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17
Q

How many follicles does one egg contain?

A

one

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18
Q

What is the germ cell number in the ovary dependent upon?

A

age

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19
Q

How many ova and follicles are produced in utero?

A

5-7 million,

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20
Q

How many ova do women have at birth?

A

about 1 million in the ovarian tissue

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21
Q

Follicles contain:

A

ova

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22
Q

True or False? There is a constant degradation of follicles throughout life.

A

T

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23
Q

To what age can sperm production occur?

A

70’s

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24
Q

Functions of follicle that develops and extrudes a viable ovum:

A

?

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25
Q

1st half of ovarian cycle:

A

develop and mature follicles

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26
Q

2nd half of ovarian cycle:

A

structure to support implantion and successful pregnancy

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27
Q

Follicular phase is akaZ:

A

proliferative phase

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28
Q

The proliferative phase is dependent upon:

A

estrogen, mainly

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29
Q

The luteal phase is dependent upon:

A

progesterone, enhance secretions

30
Q

Inside follicle:

A

grnaulosa, and ova, theca cells outside basement membrane ( analogous to: interstitial cells and stroll cells)

31
Q

Antrum:

A

Fluid filled cavity

32
Q

What breaks down membrane before extrusion?

A

enzymes and pressure

33
Q

T or F. Women can feel which ovary is ovulating.

A

T. because of pain receptors

34
Q

Extrusion is:

A

estrogen dependent (check)

35
Q

Remnant follicle because

A

progesterone factory, taking up, cholesterol filled, less estrogen but still being releases

36
Q

folicular phase:

A

high estrogen, low progesterone. opposite for next phase

37
Q

Follicle structure from inside to outside:

A

ovum, granulosa, basement membrane, theca cells

38
Q

GnRH release causes release of:

A

LH and FSH

39
Q

Primary hormone in proliferative phase:

A

endometrium increases in size, more vessels grow in (all estrogen dependent)

40
Q

What happens to ductal tissue

A

ductal tissues become secretory to supply nutrients to implanting fertilized structure, latches on with fertilization, depend on secretion from uterus to provide energy

41
Q

Is there an inc or decrease in temperature

A

1/2 degree increase, progesterone effect

42
Q

How to know when you are ovulating?

A

vaginal temperature, core temperature

43
Q

Granulosa cells have what type of an effect?

A

auto and paracrin effect

44
Q

Which cells are increased more in the prol phase?

A

granulosa

45
Q

True or False? Theca cells have aromatase.

A

F

46
Q

Early and mid follicular phase:

A

drive production of estrogen locally to have auto and paracrine feedback to make more and more granuloma cells (more local estrogen production)

47
Q

What type of effect does an increase in estrogen levels have?

A

central effect, more and more granuloma cells with aromatase release (check)

48
Q

What leads to the blips of LH and FSH (overcoming the inhibitory effect)?

A

Supersensitation of cells to GnRH

49
Q

What happens within 24 hours of LH and FSH surge

A

release of ovum

50
Q

G cells at end of follicular phase

A

receptors for LH, LH then drives cholesterol side chain cleavage to progesterone

51
Q

Are you producing more progesterone or estrogen in the secretory phse?

A

progesterone

52
Q

Granuloma cells lose sensitivity to:

A

check

53
Q

True or False? Estrogen cases contractions of uterus while progesterone relaxes uterus.

A

T

54
Q

HCG coming from concepsus:

A

rescur c. luteum to maintain progesterone levels, and progesterone levels keep rising, HCG stays to maintiain uterine and breast tissue to convert to nutritive supply to the developing placenta

55
Q

What is the nutritive supply for the developing plancenta

A

Placental wall

56
Q

No HCG:

A

lose LH and central drive, lose the ability to make progesterone and go into menses (check)

57
Q

No progesterone input to uterus:

A

enter menses

58
Q

Estrogen replacement therapy:

A

highly mitotic action, breast cancer and ovarian cancer risk, neoplastic behavior

59
Q

Steroids:

A

genomic and mitotic actions

60
Q

True or False? Estrogen is a calcium antagost.

A

T

61
Q

True or False? Estrogen and progesterone both have central binding activities.

A

T

62
Q

Why does cardiovascular risk increase after ?

A

don’t have calcium antagonism

63
Q

Exhaustion of primordial follicles:

A

menopause

64
Q

E(2) is:

A

estradiol

65
Q

Responsible for hot flashes:

A

progesterone

66
Q

T. Sex steroids alter temperature set point.

A

T (by acting on the hypothalamus)

67
Q

Does the phase of the vagina increase or decrease after pregnancy

A

decreases

68
Q

True or False? Luteal phase is a friendly sperm environment.

A

F. unfriendly. (more basic)

69
Q

What happens after fertilization?

A

uterus supplies nutrients, to transport across placenta and placenta takes over as hormones factory and autonomously secretory in nature

70
Q

Major anabolic phase of pregnancy:

A

1st half, storage mode,

71
Q

Human placental lactate can create:

A

gestational diabetes, too much insulin resistance, and no control of glucose levels

72
Q

hPL:

A

human placental lactin (check), growth hormone like, responsible for maternal insulin insensitivity

Physiology (55 decks)

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