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Physiology > Section 2 Lecture 3 > Flashcards

Section 2 Lecture 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Benefit of our circulation being configured in parallel system:

A

each organ can have different metabolic levels/ permutations of blood flow

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2
Q

Pulmonary circulation is AKA:

A

central circulation

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3
Q

What is the stressed volume tanslocator ?

A

the heart

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4
Q

Produces the standing gradients:

A

stressed volume translocator

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5
Q

Which has higher pressure, L aorta or R aorta?

A

L (5 mm Hg vs. 2mm Hg)

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6
Q

Pressure in pulmonary artery:

A

20 mm Hg

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7
Q

pressure in aorta:

A

95 mm Hg (avg P in human aorta)

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8
Q

R =

A

(Change in P)/ Q

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9
Q

Change in P =

A

Q X R

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10
Q

Continuity of flow principle:

A

conservation of mass, what enters one end must exit the other

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11
Q

T or F. Pressure drop is uniform across each element of the circulatory system.

A

F. not uniform

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12
Q

Pressure across each part of the circulatory system is a function of:

A

the R of each element

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13
Q

Q =

A

(Change in P)/ R

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14
Q

What percentage of the total BV is in the capillaries and venous system?

A

65%

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15
Q

What percentage of the BV is in the arteries and arterioles?

A

2-%

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16
Q

High Pressure Reservoir:

A

arteries (not arterioles, right?)

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17
Q

Volume reservoir:

A

the capillaries and venous system

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18
Q

Pressure of blood entering capillaries:

A

20-25 mm Hg

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19
Q

What percentage of the total BV is in the high pressure reservoir?

A

20%

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20
Q

What % of BV is in the arterioles?

A

15%

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21
Q

Is there a larger BV in the higher pressure reservoir or the arterioles?

A

HPR

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22
Q

The greatest pressure drop in the cardiovascular system occurs here:

A

arterioles

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23
Q

Why is the change in pressure NOT proportional to flow in the circulation?

A

bc the flow is constant throughout

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24
Q

Pre-capillary resistance vessels:

A

arterioles

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25
Q

These vessels have a high variable resistance:

A

arterioles

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26
Q

Slope of the line graph of change in pressure vs. flow?

A

1/R = conductance

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27
Q

What does the slope of the line graph of change in pressure vs. flow?

A

Conductance (1/R)

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28
Q

T or F? The change in pressure, the resistance and the flow all stay constant throughout the circulatory system.

A

T

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29
Q

This is the ease with which fluid can pass thru tube:

A

condunctance

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30
Q

What happens if you decrease slope of the line graph of change in pressure vs. flow?

A

increase resistance

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31
Q

If you decrease resistance in a vessel how will the conductance be effected?

A

it will increase

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32
Q

If you decrease resistance in a vessel how will the flow be effected?

A

it will increase

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33
Q

How does our circulation regulate flow given that the driving force is the same throughout the system?

A

alteration of the resistance of the vessels

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34
Q

What is the head pressure and what is the tail pressure in our circulatory system?

A

head- pressure in aorta

tail - pressure in right atrium

35
Q

T or F L and R heart always give the same output.

A

F. In the health individual they should

36
Q

CO of avg heart:

A

5L/min

37
Q

Resistance in the systemic portion of our circulation for healthy adult:

A

28 mmHg/L/min

38
Q

Resistance in the pulmonary portion of our circulation for healthy adult:

A

3 mmHg/L/min

39
Q

The pressure on the pulmonary side of our circulation is what fraction of that of the systemic?

A

1/6

40
Q

Why is the systemic circulations pressure so much higher?

A

longer (6 times greater resistance) increase length, increase SA bw lamina, decrease velocity, decrease flow

41
Q

How much harder must the LV work to drive the same flow as the R ventricle?

A

6 times harder

42
Q

T or F? Resistance is proportional to tube length.

A

T

43
Q

T or F? Resistance is proportional to fluid viscocity.

A

T

44
Q

T or F? Resistance is proportional to tube radius^4.

A

F.

45
Q

T or F? Flow is proportional to presure gradient.

A

T

46
Q

T or F? Flow is proportional to tube radius^4.

A

T

47
Q

T or F? Flow is proportional totube length.

A

F inversely

48
Q

T or F? Flow is proportional to viscocity.

A

F. inversely

49
Q

Flow =

A

(Pressure gradient X tube radius^4)/ (tube length X viscosity)

50
Q

Double the radius you will increase the flow rate how many times?

A

16 times (2^4 = 16)

51
Q

What is the relationsihp bw resistncne and flow?

A

4th power relationship bw resistance and flow

52
Q

If you increase the surface area bw the lamina you increase:

A

pathway length

53
Q

If you decrease the # of lamina you decrease:

A

pathway resistance

54
Q

What confers viscositiy on blood?

A

% of RBC

55
Q

too many RBCs in blood:

A

polycythemia

56
Q

How will anemia change resistance?

A

lowers resistance (lower hematocrit) throughout the whole body

57
Q

Viscosity goes down, flow will go:

A

up

58
Q

What is the typical hematocrit % range?

A

35-50% hematocrit

59
Q

Viscocity of water:

A

1cP

60
Q

viscosity of plasma:

A

2cP

61
Q

Normal range of viscocity of blood:

A

2.8 - 4cP

62
Q

If viscosity changes it’s effects on the circulation will be:

A

Universal

63
Q

T or F? BV’s change length in a fully grown adult.

A

F

64
Q

T or F? Viscosity is a highly regulated term

A

T

65
Q

If (Pa-Pv) is decreased, how will the flow though each organ system be effected, if at all?

A

flow will decrease in all organ systems

66
Q

If the viscosity (n) increases how, if at all, will the flow though each organ system be effected?

A

flow will decrease in all organ systems

67
Q

If the radius of the vessels in one organ system increase, how will it affect the flow through the other organ systems?

A

it won’t effect the other organ systems (why wouldn’t it decrease in the other systems? If overall flow is the same, when one organ system gets a higher flow rate, the others must get a lower flow rate, right? I guess this is an isolated system and not what would happen in our body?)

68
Q

How is the flow in one organ system kept the same while the flow through another is increased due to an increase in vessels radius?

A

the heart adjusts the CO

69
Q

velocity =

A

flow/X-area

70
Q

T or F? Smaller tubes have a smaller cross sectional area.

A

F. larger

71
Q

What does continuity of flow mean in our CS?

A

larger x sectional area = slower fluid flow

72
Q

cross sectional area of aorta vs. capillaries:

A

4 cm^2 vs. 3,000cm^2

73
Q

Flow through aorta vs. flow through capillaries:

A

20 cm/s in aorta - 0.03 cm/s (very slow)

74
Q

Capilllaries provide both:

A

larger surface area and slower rate of flow

75
Q

Which have a larger X-sectional area, arteries or veins?

A

veins 4 vs 6cm^2

76
Q

is the X-sectional area of the capillaries of the lungs greater or those of the extremities?

A

lungs (really?!)

77
Q

Laminar flow

A

Running along its own streamline pathway through the vessel

78
Q

Streamline flow

A

silent flow

79
Q

The sounds that stethoscopes can hear are a result of _____ flow

A

turbulent

80
Q

When does turbulent flow occur in the healthy individual?

A

Only when rapidly ejected out of the heart in normal conditions

81
Q

the greatest velocity with which a fluid can flow through a given conduit without becoming turbulent:

A

critical velocity

82
Q

Q/P for laminar flow increases ____ while turbulent flow increases in this fashion.

A

linearly, non-linearly (greater change in P with each change in Q)

83
Q

Flow is proportional to what in turbulent flow?

A

to square root of delta P (less efficient)

Physiology (55 decks)

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