Section 3 Lecture 5

Question 1

T or F? There is a direct pwy from cerebellum to the s.c.

Answer 1

F.

Question 2

Fxns of cerebellum:

Answer 2

motor learning, sensory/motor integration, coordination

Question 3

Cerebellar damage:

Answer 3

extensors and flexors do not work in sync

Question 4

How does the cerebellum influence moves?

Answer 4

via brainstem and cortical M areas

Question 5

Which sensory systems give input to cerebellum?

Answer 5

All sensory systems: visual, somatic sensation, auditory, vestibular, proprioception (m.spindles, GTO’s…)

Question 6

Outputs from the cerebellum:

Answer 6

predominantly to motor systems (via brainstem)

Question 7

T or F? Sensory perception and sensation and the formation of movements is effected with damage to cerebellum.

Answer 7

F

Question 8

3 major parts of the cerebellum:

Answer 8

cortex, white mater, deep nuclei (sends axons back into brainstem)

Question 9

Output of cerebellar cortex:

Answer 9

cells of deep nuclei (cerebellum right? Deep nuclei are a separate structure from the cortex, right?)

Question 10

Thin leaflike structure, e.g., in the cerebellum:

Answer 10

folium

Question 11

Where does information processing occur in the brain?

Answer 11

cerebellum

Question 12

2 anatomically and fxnally different fibers of the medulla:

Answer 12

mossy fibers and climbing fibers

Question 13

T or F? Climbing fiber originate from 2+ nuclei.

Answer 13

F. only one

Question 14

Most afferent fibers to the cerebellum are:

Answer 14

mossy fibers from s.c. and brainstem

Question 15

From where do climbing fibers arise?

Answer 15

only from the inferior olive of the medulla

Question 16

Schematic of basic circuitry in cerebellum:

Answer 16

Fibers enter cerebellum and each sends a branch to the deep cerebellar nuclei and another branch to the cerebellar cortex

Question 17

How many cell types are found in the cerebellar cortex?

Answer 17

5

Question 18

How many cell layers are in the cerebellar cortex?

Answer 18

3 layers

Question 19

List the 5 cell types in the cerebellar cortex:

Answer 19

Granule cells +, purkinje cells -, Golgi cells -, stellate cells -, and Basket cells -

Question 20

T or F? Dendritic trees and p cells are found in only one x-sectional plane of the cerebellum.

Answer 20

T

Question 21

How are the cell synapses organized w in the cerebellar cortex?

Answer 21

same cell type, same synaptic relation all over, unlike the cerebral cortex

Question 22

Which is the only cell type in the cerebellar cortex with excitatory action?

Answer 22

Granule cells

Question 23

Large cells with elaborate dendritic trees:

Answer 23

Purkinje cells

Question 24

How is the cerebellar cortex different from the cerebral cortex?

Answer 24

The cerebellar has the same cell types in the same synaptic relation to each other all over the cerebellar cortex.

Question 25

How does output from the cerebellar cortex leave?

Answer 25

Via Purkinje cells

Question 26

Where do the axons that project from the cerebellar cortex synapse?

Answer 26

Deep nuclei

Question 27

How do the AP’s generated by a Purkinje cells differ if it is triggered by a mossy fiber than a climbing fibers?

Answer 27

Mossy: simple spike, Climbing: Complex spike

Question 28

How can you experimentally determine whether tihe input to a Purkinje fiber is from a mossy fiber or a climbing fiber?

Answer 28

Printout of the APs that are generated

Question 29

Which have less freq input into Purkinje cells, mossy or climbing fibers?

Answer 29

climbing fibers

Question 30

how many spikes per second do mossy fibers make?

Answer 30

50-100 simple spikes/ sec

Question 31

When does the frequency of climbing fiber spikes increase?

Answer 31

during M learning

Question 32

It is hypothesized that mossy fibers mediate (this) and climbing fibers mediate (this):

Answer 32

ongoing work of cerebellum, M learning

Question 33

Output of the cerebellum is via:

Answer 33

axons of the deep nuclei

Question 34

To where does output from the cerebellum project?

Answer 34

brainstem then s.c. and thalamus then cerebral cortex

Question 35

Cerebellar damage leads to:

Answer 35

lack of coordination (ataxia), intention tremor, inability to make quickly changing moves

Question 36

Ataxia can result in errors in:

Answer 36

range, rate, force, or direction of movement, intention tremor, dysdiadochokinesis (inability to make rapidly alternating moves)

Question 37

If the cerebellar pt is sitting still will you see resting tremors?

Answer 37

No

Question 38

T or F? A lesion to the cerebellum leads to sensory deficits.

Answer 38

F.

Question 39

What observation leads to a major argument for sensorimotor coordination as the major/only function of the cerebellum?

Answer 39

The fact that damage does not affect sensation at all

Question 40

Give an example of the type of movement a person with damage to the cerebellum would not be able to perform.

Answer 40

Flip palm to face up, then down quickly

Question 41

lack of coordination:

Answer 41

ataxia

Question 42

T or F? You can have damage to the arm and not the leg if the cerebellum is damaged.

Answer 42

T. The damage is localized

Question 43

Does MS affect input or output axons of the cerebellum?

Answer 43

Can affect either

Question 44

Symptoms of cerebellar damage can be seen with:

Answer 44

gunshot to head, MS, CP

Question 45

This is a disease of chronic alcoholics:

Answer 45

Wernickes-Korsakoff syndrome, results from malnutrition, thiamine and vitamin B1 deficiency

Question 46

Symptoms of Wernickes-Korsakoff syndrome:

Answer 46

Ataxia (lack of coordination)

Question 47

What is happening at the neurological level with Wernickes-Korsakoff syndrome?

Answer 47

degeneration of cerebellar neurons

Question 48

Some seizure drug can have this side effect:

Answer 48

degeneration of the cerebellum

Question 49

What drugs can cause degeneration of the cerebellum?

Answer 49

AED’s (seizure drugs), this can lead to ataxia

Question 50

The cerebellum might also participate in:

Answer 50

non-motor fxns such as cognition and affect (emotional processes)