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EXAMS > SCIENCE on reproductive system > Flashcards

SCIENCE on reproductive system Flashcards

1
Q

what male reproductive part carries sperm out of the testes

A

vas deferens

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2
Q

what part of the male reproductive system are sperms temporarily stored?

A

epididymis

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3
Q

Which phase in the menstrual cycle does secondary oocyte get released from the ovary?

A

ovulation

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4
Q

What embryonic developments occurs after the cleavages have fused into a sold group of cells?

A

morula

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5
Q

in males, which of the following hormones stimulate sperm production?

A

FSH(Follicle-stimulating hormone)

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6
Q

These are regulating and complex chemical substances secreted by the endocrine glands that are carried through the bloodstream to the target organ in many areas of the body.

A

hormones

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7
Q

What type of hormones controls the “fight or flight” response of the body?

A

adrenalin/e

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8
Q

What type of hormones regulates the rate of metabolism?

A

thyroxine

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9
Q

What type of hormone controls the level of sugar in the blood?

A

insulin

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10
Q

What part of the neuron receives stimulus from sensory receptors?

A

dendrites

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11
Q

What diseases in the endocrine system happens if there is low sugar in the blood

A

hypoglycemia

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12
Q

Why is the fallopian tube important?

A

a. It provides a suitable place for fertilization.
b. It is a passage way leading the sperm to the egg

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13
Q
  1. Which of the following statements is NOT true about the menstrual cycle?
    a. Some females’ menstrual cycles are as short as 21 days
    b. Females begin to menstruate between the ages of 15 and 17.
    c. The menstrual cycle begins when an egg matures or ripens in one of the ovaries.
    d. Both A and B
A

b

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14
Q

Why are hormones important in human reproduction?
a They help in the contraction and relaxation of the muscles
They are responsible for the secretion of fluid that nourishes the sperm
c. They stimulate the production of the follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
d. Both A and C are correct.

A

c

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15
Q

15 which of the following statements is NOT a negative feedback mechanism to maintain homeostasis in the body?
a. You cannot hold your breath for a long time
b. Minimize any changes or conditions of the body
c. The skin releases heat energy and helps warm the body back to 38°C.
d. the evaporation of sweat from the skin has a strong cooling effect.

A

c

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16
Q

is the tube that passes through the penis to the outside of the body which carries urine and sperm

A

urethra

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16
Q

parts and function of the male reproductive system

A
  1. urethra
  2. penis
  3. testes
  4. epididymis
  5. vas deferens
  6. scrotum
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17
Q

is a soft, tubular organ that hangs front of the body and is the external sexual organ of the male through which the sperm are delivered into the female’s body

A

penis

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18
Q

it contains erectile tissue in which the penis becomes larger and stiffer due to increase flow of blood during

A

ejaculation

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19
Q

are made up of coiled tubules in which the sperm are produced

A

testes

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20
Q

they produced the male sex hormones called ____________ for the production of sperm

A

testosterone

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21
Q

is a coiled j-shaped tube located on the back of each testicle

A

epididymis

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22
Q

it stores the sperm for two to four days after they have been produced

A

epididymis

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23
Q

is the tube that receives sperm from the epididymis of each testicle

A

vas deferens

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24
Q

is a pouch of skin that hangs from the penis which houses the testes and it protects the sperm by keeping the temperature of the testes slightly lower than the normal body temperature in order for the sperm to survive

A

scrotum

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25
Q

glands and ducts of the male reproductive system

A
  1. vas deferens
  2. urethra
  3. seminal vesicles
  4. ejaculatory ducts
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26
Q

a tube that is about 18 inches (45 cm) long that loops over the urinary bladder

A

vas deferens

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27
Q

a common tube where urine and semen passes; the valve within the _______ prevents the mixing of urine and sperm

A

urethra

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28
Q

a pair of _______ ________ at the base of the urinary bladder that secretes a thick fluid that nourishes the sperm

A

seminal vesicles

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29
Q

are the tubes that are lined with muscles

A

ejaculatory ducts

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30
Q

these muscles contract to force the semen out of the body during ejaculation

A

ejaculatory ducts

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31
Q

is a unique structure located in the testis

A

sperm cell

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31
Q

its primarily function is to fertilize the egg

A

sperm cell

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31
Q

males have two ______found inside the scrotum

A

testes

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32
Q

males have two testes found inside the _______

A

scrotum

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33
Q

it produces millions of sperm cells which can be observed only under a microscope.

A

testes

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34
Q

the sperm cells which come from the testes, then travels to the _________ where they are temporarily stored until during ejaculation

A

epididymis

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35
Q

along the way, the sperms combine with the nutrient secretions from the prostate gland and seminal gland vesicles. this mixture is called

A

semen

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36
Q

the semen will be transported into the urethra and out of the _____

A

penis

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37
Q

the semen will be transported into the _______ and out of the penis

A

urethra

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38
Q

parts and function of the female reproductive system

A
  1. ovaries
  2. fallopian/uterine tubes
  3. uterus/womb
  4. cervix
  5. vagina/birth canal
  6. vulva
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39
Q

the two _______ are small and almond-shaped organs

A

ovaries

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40
Q

it is located inside the female; one on each side of the body a few inches below the waist

A

ovaries

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41
Q

just like the testes, the ovaries secrete hormones called ________ and ____________ to produce mature egg cells

A

estrogen and progesterone

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42
Q

the egg cell begins to mature when the female reaches

A

puberty

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43
Q

during puberty, the ovaries produce and release one ripened egg every 28 days. this process is called

A

ovulation

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44
Q

these are two tubes that extend from each ovary into the uterus

A

fallopian/uterine tubes

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45
Q

their main function is to house the egg until fertilization

A

fallopian/uterine tubes

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46
Q

afterward, it provides a passage way leading the sperm to the egg and the fertilized egg to the uterus

A

fallopian/uterine tubes

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47
Q

is a hollow, muscular, pear-shaped organ located between the two ovaries.

A

uterus

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48
Q

however, if the eggs remain unfertilized, the uterine wall sheds and passes through the vagina, which leaves the body as

A

menstrual discharge

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49
Q

it is where the fertilized egg will develop and grow into offspring.

A

uterus

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50
Q

a narrow structure within an inch-long canal connecting the lower end of the uterus to the upper portion of the vagina

A

cervix

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51
Q

is the hollow tube leading from the cervix to the outside of the body

A

vagina/birth canal

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52
Q

the wall is elastic which allows it to expand during childbirth and sexual intercourse

A

vagina/birth canal

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53
Q

in female
the external genitalia

A

vulva

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54
Q

is the hairy skin-covered pad of fat over the pubic bone

A

mons veneris

55
Q

is the small lips covered with modified skin

A

labia minora

56
Q

is the large lips covered with pubic hair

A

labia majora

57
Q

is the small almond-shaped erectile tissue located below the junction of two minora

A

clitoris

58
Q

is the opening into the vagina

A

vaginal orifice

59
Q

in female
what are the external genitalia that includes the following parts:

A
  1. mons veneris
  2. labia minora
  3. labia majora
  4. clitoris
  5. vaginal orifice
59
Q

play an important role that regulate the function of the entire body or just a specific organ of the body

A

hormones

59
Q

associated with the reproductive system carry out a specific role during puberty, ovulation, pregnancy, and development.

A

hormones

60
Q

the reproductive gland are controlled by the pituitary gland, which is controlled by the

A

hypothalamus

61
Q

the reproductive glands of boys and girls usually work at low levels until the age of

A

10

62
Q

after this age, hormone levels begin to increase, and physical changes start to develop

A

10

63
Q

hypothalamus releases chemical signals to the pituitary gland, among others, to start producing two hormones responsible for reproduction

A

follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH)

64
Q

both males and females produce these kinds of hormones. They affect the testes in men and the ovaries in women.

A

follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH)

65
Q

in females, the pituitary hormones FSH and LH stimulate the ovaries to produce ________ and ____________.

A

estrogen and progesterone.

66
Q

these hormones are responsible to produce ova or mature egg cells

A

follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH)

67
Q

what are the glands

A
  1. testes (male)
  2. ovaries (female)
  3. Pituitary
68
Q

what hormone does the gland testes (male) produce

A

testosterone

69
Q

it regulates the development of the male sex organs while still an embryo

A

testosterone

70
Q

in male
it also controls sex drive and secondary sex characteristics at puberty.

A

testosterone

71
Q

what hormones does the gland ovaries (female) produce

A
  1. estrogen
  2. progesterone
72
Q

it controls sex drive and regulates the development of female secondary sex characteristics at puberty

A

estrogen

73
Q

it controls the development of the endometrium (mucus membrane lining the womb) during the menstrual cycle and the maintenance of the uterus during pregnancy

A

progesterone

74
Q

what hormones does the pituitary glands produce

A
  1. prolactin
  2. luteinizing hormone (LH)
  3. follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
75
Q

stimulates the production of milk in the mammary glands

A

prolactin

76
Q

in females, it stimulates ovulation, maturation of egg cells, and progesterone production; whereas in males, it stimulates sperm and testosterone production

A

luteinizing hormone (LH)

77
Q

in females, it stimulates the maturation of egg cells in the ovary and estrogen production; whereas males, it stimulates sperm production

A

follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

78
Q

how many phases are there during the menstrual cycle

A
  1. proliferative phase
  2. ovulation
  3. luteal phase
79
Q

what phase is this
during menstruation, the endometrium breaks down

A
  1. proliferative phase
80
Q

what phase is this
in the ovary, the follicle matures and rebuilds the endometrium

A
  1. proliferative phase
81
Q

how long does the proliferative phase
last

A

1-13 days

82
Q

what phase is this
a secondary oocyte is released from an ovary

A
  1. ovulation
83
Q

how long does the ovulation phase last

A

14 days

84
Q

what phase is this
formation of the corpus luteum; endometrium thickens and develops

A

luteal phase

85
Q

how long does luteal phase last

A

15-28 days

86
Q

name the stages of embryonic animal development

A
  1. gametogenesis
  2. fertilization
  3. cleavage and blastulation
  4. gastrulation
  5. organogenesis
  6. growth and tissue specialization
87
Q

name the process of fertilization and the development of the human embryo

A
  1. first week of development
  2. the embryo
  3. the fetus
88
Q

is the formation of the gamete (sperm and egg).

A

gametogenesis

89
Q

this is the first stage of an animal development in which the sperm and egg form and develop inside the reproductive systems under the control of parental genes

A

gametogenesis

90
Q

is the next stage when the sperm penetrates an egg then fusion of their nucleus take place

A

fertilization

91
Q

the 3rd stage when the fertilized egg undergoes series of mitotic cell divisions and later becomes the early embryo

A

cleavage and blastulation

92
Q

also, a fluid-filled cavity is formed inside the developing embryo.

A

cleavage and blastulation

93
Q

next stage to organize cell migration patterns in the embryo to form the 3 germ layers ( region layers of cells forming all organs of the animal body).

A

gastrulation

94
Q

a process of cell differentiation and formation of all major organs once the germ layers have formed

A

organogenesis

95
Q

last stage when the organs acquire their unique structures and chemical properties

A

growth and tissue specialization

96
Q

union of a sperm cell from a male and an egg cell from a female is called fertilization

A
  1. first week of development
97
Q

after fertilization of the egg cell, the zygote travels in the fallopian tube to get nutrients from maternal secretions, then it will undergo the process of mitosis which forms cleavages

A
  1. first week of development
97
Q

when it reaches the uterus, cleavages have transformed into a solid group of cells called morula and later on will develop into a blastocyst

A
  1. first week of development
97
Q

there is an inner cell mass of the blastocyst having a surface cell layer called the trophoblast

A
  1. first week of development
97
Q

secretion of chronic gonadotropin from trophoblast helps to maintain the corpus luteum to grow and to secrete estrogens and progesterone.

A
  1. first week of development
97
Q

these hormones help the uterine lining to do its task during pregnancy

A
  1. first week of development
97
Q

once the blastocyst is formed, it begins to adhere to the uterine lining.

A
  1. first week of development
97
Q

this process of attachment is also known as implantation

A
  1. first week of development
97
Q

after the blastocyst has been implanted, it is now called an embryo

A
  1. first week of development
97
Q

in first week of development
union of a sperm cell from a male and an egg cell from a female is called

A

fertilization

97
Q

in first week of development

after fertilization of the egg cell, the ______ travels in the fallopian tube to get nutrients from maternal secretions, then it will undergo the process of mitosis which forms cleavages

A

zygote

97
Q

in first week of development

after fertilization of the egg cell, the zygote travels in the fallopian tube to get nutrients from maternal secretions, then it will undergo the process of mitosis which forms

A

cleavages

98
Q

in first week of development

when it reaches the uterus, cleavages have transformed into a solid group of cells called morula and later on will develop into a

A

blastocyst

98
Q

in first week of development

there is an inner cell mass of the blastocyst having a surface cell layer called the

A

trophoblast

98
Q

in first week of development

secretion of ______ ___________ from trophoblast helps to maintain the corpus luteum to grow and to secrete estrogens and progesterone.

A

chronic gonadotropin

98
Q

in first week of development

these hormones help the uterine lining to do its task during pregnancy

A

estrogens and progesterone.

98
Q

in first week of development

once the _________ is formed, it begins to adhere to the uterine lining.

A

blastocyst

98
Q

in first week of development

this process of attachment is also known as

A

implantation

98
Q

in first week of development

after the blastocyst has been implanted, it is now called an

A

embryo

98
Q

initial development stage in humans after fertilization

A
  1. the embryo
98
Q

bond the holds the _______ to the wall of the uterus is called placenta

A
  1. the embryo
98
Q

approximately 25 days after fertilization, a cord forms between the ________ and the sac ( called the placenta )

A
  1. the embryo
98
Q

this cord is referred to as the umbilical cord which is the embryo’s lifeline, meaning the _______ gets its oxygen and food from the mother from the placenta through the umbilical cord

A
  1. the embryo
98
Q

developing ______ is enclosed in a sac of a thin sheet of tissue called the amniotic sac

A
  1. the embryo
99
Q

within this sac is amniotic fluid where the ________ is suspended

A
  1. the embryo
99
Q

this fluid serves as a shock absorber and helps the ______ to maintain its temperature

A
  1. the embryo
99
Q

bond the holds the embryo to the wall of the uterus is called _______

A

placenta

99
Q

approximately __ ____ after fertilization, a cord forms between the embryo and the sac ( called the placenta )

A

25 days

99
Q

this cord is referred to as the _________ _____ which is the embryo’s lifeline, meaning the embryo gets its oxygen and food from the mother from the placenta through the ________ ____

A

umbilical cord

99
Q

developing embryo is enclosed in a sac of a thin sheet of tissue called the

A

amniotic sac

99
Q

within this sac is __________ ___ where the embryo is suspended

A

amniotic sac

100
Q

this fluid serves as a shock absorber and helps the embryo to maintain its temperature

A

amniotic sac

100
Q

after 2 months, the embryo is about 1.2 inches (3 cm) long and has a recognizable human form or a

A
  1. the fetus
100
Q

grows with the help of the placenta

A
  1. the fetus
100
Q

the placenta connects to the developing embryo through the umbilical cord

A
  1. the fetus
101
Q

at 4 months, _____ slightly moves and can be recognized

A
  1. the fetus
102
Q

the baby’s eyelashes are formed, and eyelids are recognizable at 7 months

A
  1. the fetus
103
Q

all the organs are well developed in the ninth month and the baby is ready by then

A
  1. the fetus
103
Q

at _ ________, the fetus slightly moves and can be recognized

A

4 months

104
Q

What size is the fetus
after 2 months, the embryo is about ___ ________ ____ _____ and has a recognizable human form or a fetus

A

1.2 inches (3 cm) long

EXAMS (51 decks)

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