ENGLISH COHERENCE AND COHESION AND IN-TEXT CITATION Flashcards
Essential in writing and speaking as they help connect ideas, sentences, and paragraphs smoothly.
Transition words
They guide the reader or listener through the flow of ideas, making communication clearer and more logical.
Transition words
what are the transition words
- ADDITION
- CONTRAST
- Cause and Effect
- Comparison
- Time/Sequence
- Emphasis
- Conclusion or Summary
Used to add information or continue a point.
- ADDITION
examples of addition
Moreover
Furthermore
Additionally
Also
Besides
Show differences or contradictions.
- CONTRAST
examples of CONTRAST
However
On the other hand
Conversely
Nevertheless
Yet
Demonstrate a relationship between actions or ideas.
- Cause and Effect
examples of Cause and Effect
Therefore
Consequently
As a result
Thus
Because
Highlight similarities.
- Comparison
examples of Comparison
Similarly
Likewise
In the same way
Just as
Indicate the order of events or ideas.
- Time/Sequence
examples of Time/Sequence
First
Then
Next
Meanwhile
Finally
Stress the importance of a point.
- Emphasis
examples of Emphasis
Indeed
In fact
Certainly
Above all
Most importantly
Signal the end of a discussion or summarize
- Conclusion or Summary
meaningful and makes sense as whole in the minds of the readers
coherent
when your readers can follow and understand a text easily, the text obviously has
coherence
the 2nd important quality needed in writing is
cohesion
the connectivity in a text
cohesion
refers to the connection of ideas at the sentence level, the grammatical and lexical linking within a text or a sentence that holds a text together and gives it meaning
cohesion
on the other hand means the connection of ideas at the idea level.
coherence
it focuses on how to make a piece of writing easy to understand
coherence
it refers to the “rhetorical” aspects of your writing, which include developing and supporting your argument (e.g., thesis statement development), synthesizing and integrating readings, organizing, and clarifying ideas
coherence
examples of Conclusion or Summary
In conclusion
To summarize
Overall
In summary
Finally
is a reference made within the body of a text of an academic essay
in-text citation
alerts the reader to a source that has been used in the essay
in-text citation
what is MLA
modern language association
the 2 most commonly used referencing styles are
MLA and APA
this is called humanities style
MLA
is primarily intended for arts, humanities, and historical literature
MLA
what is APA
american psychological associtaion
uses in-text citations rather then footnotes or endnotes
MLA system
this is also known for as author-date-style
APA
is often used for technical works in education, natural, physical, and social sciences
APA
MLA IN-TEXT citation rules
one author
two authors
three or more authors
multiple works by the same author
author with the same last name
organization as the author (corporate author
work with no author
the citations in-text are very brief, usually just the author’s family name and a relevant page number
MLA system
when a work has ___ _______, list the author, list the author’s last name and then the page number where the information is listed
one author
if an entry in the works cited list has worked with ____ _____, include both names in the in-text citations
two authors
if more than one work from the same author is listed in the works cited list, use a shortened form of the title to include in the in-text citation after the author’s last name
multiple works by the same author
use the word “and” between the 2 names
two authors
if a work has _____ __ ______ ________, the in-text citation will include the first author’s name followed by “et al” which will match the entry in the works cited list
three or more authors
use a comma between the author and the title of work
multiple works by the same author
when borrowing from works by 2 different author’s with the same last name, indicate the difference by adding the initial of the author in the in-text citation
author with the same last name
when a work has an organization or corporation listed as an author, use the corporation or organization in the in-text citation; abbreviate commonly abbreviated terms such as department
organization as the author (corporate author
for the in-text citation, use a shortened phrase or title (often the first word of the title).
work with no author
if there is no author for the work’s citation will begin with the title of that work.
work with no author
MLA BIBLIOGRAPHY
- author’s name
- title of book or article or resource materials
- journal title (if any)
- year of publication
- publisher
- place of publication
- edition and volume number (if any)
- page number (if any)
- URL (for electronic resources)
place the word in either italics or quotation marks to match the works cited
work with no author
MLA format or style
- author’s surname, first name, middle initial
- title of book or periodical - italics or underline
- name of the editor, translator, or complier (if any)
- edition (if any)
- number of volumes (if any)
- place of publication: publisher
- year of publication
- page number or s
- DOI or URL (if any)
write the bibliography using the given set of information in each number. then arrange them alphabetically according to its reference material. use the MLA format
BOOKS
- New York
Penguin Books USA Inc.
Edith Hamilton
Mythology
1994
Hamilton, Edith. Mythology. New York: Penguin Books USA Inc., 1994.
write the bibliography using the given set of information in each number. then arrange them alphabetically according to its reference material. use the MLA format
BOOKS
- Charles Centeno and Boots De Leon
New York
Walker
Windows In Space
2004
Centeno, Charles, and Boots De Leon. Windows in Space. New York: Walker, 2004.
write the bibliography using the given set of information in each number. then arrange them alphabetically according to its reference material. use the MLA format
BOOKS
- An integrated Approach To Reading and Writing
1995
Evelyn L. Sebastian, Maximo D. Ramos, Florentine B. Valeros, and Corazon C. Vicente
Manila
Rex Printing Company, Inc
Sebastian, Evelyn L., Maximo D. Ramos, Florentine B. Valeros, and Corazon C. Vicente. An Integrated Approach to Reading and Writing. Manila: Rex Printing Company, Inc., 1995.
