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FIM > Revision Questions > Flashcards

Revision Questions Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the cytoplasmic membrane?

A 
Osmotic barrier
Energy production
Transport
Make new cell wall
Anchor chromosome
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2
Q

What are the benefits of the LPS bilayer in gram negative bacteria?

A

Adhesion
Resistance to phagocytosis
Molecular sieve

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3
Q

Which gram stain can produce spores?

A

Positive

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4
Q

Transformation

A

Take up of fragmented plasmids

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5
Q

Conjugation

A

Plasmid transfer between bacterial cells

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6
Q

Transduction

A

Bacteriophage

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7
Q

Transposition

A

Transposons move within genome

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8
Q

What evidence of viruses can be seen under light microscope?

A

Inclusion bodies: virus induced masses within the cytoplasm of cells

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9
Q

Pathogens for contact precautions

A

MRSA
VRE
Diarrhoeal diseases

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10
Q

PPE for contact precautions

A

Apron and gloves

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11
Q

Pathogens for contact plus precuations

A

Carbapenem resistant enterobacterales

C.diff

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12
Q

PPE for contact plus

A

Long sleeve gown and gloves

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13
Q

Pathogens for droplet and contact precautions

A

Influenza
RSV
SARS

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14
Q

PPE for droplet and contact

A

Apron
Surgical mask
Gloves

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15
Q

Pathogens for airborne precautions

A

TB
Measles
VZV

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16
Q

PPE for airborne precautions

A

Apron
FFP2 mask
Gloves

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17
Q

SIRS criteria

A 
Temp >38 or <36
HR>90bpm
Resp rate >20
WCC >12 or <4
Blood glucose >7.7
Confusion
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18
Q

Which pathogen that causes UTIs is associated with kidney stone formation?

A

Proteus

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19
Q

What virulence factor of pseudomonas impairs cilia?

A

Pyocyanin

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20
Q

Classic gram stain of neisseria

A

Red kidney beans

Intracellular (neutrophils)

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21
Q

What does neisseria need to enhance growth?

A

Added CO2

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22
Q

What type of toxin does N. meningitidis produce?

A

LOS endotoxin

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23
Q

What is Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome?

A

Bilateral adrenal haemorrhage

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24
Q

What agar is used for N.meningitidis?

A

Blood and chocolate

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25
Q

What is the antibiotic treatment of N. meningitidis?

A

Ceftriaxone (3rd gen cephalosporin)

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26
Q

What cells have LOS receptors?

A

Urethral epithelial cells and sperm

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27
Q

What particular virulence factor of n. gonorrhoea and non encapsulated haemophilus influenza allow them to adhere to mucous membranes?

A

IgA protease

28
Q

How does disseminated gonorrhoea present?

A

BSI
Septic arthritis
Increased risk in pregnancy and transmission to baby at delivery

29
Q

What are the effects of gonorrhoea in pregnancy?

A

Increases risk of preterm delivery and chorioamnionitis

Purulent conjunctivitis in neonate

30
Q

What agar does n. gonorrhoea grow on?

A

NYC agar

31
Q

Why do mycobacteria not stain with gram stain?

A

High lipid content in cell wall

32
Q

What is the disadvantage to IGRA?

A

Doesn’t distinguish latent and active TB

33
Q

What cell is leprosy found in?

A

Macrophages

34
Q

What is the primary target of leprosy?

A

Schwann cells

35
Q

What is the treatment for leprosy?

A

Dapsone
Rifampicin
Clofazizmine

36
Q

What antigen is present on the capsule of encapsulated haemophilus influenza b?

A

PRP

37
Q

What is the appearance of h. influenza?

A

Pleomorphic gram - coccobacilli

38
Q

what is needed for the growth of h. influenza?

A

5% CO2

X factor and V factor (chocolate agar)

39
Q

What is X factor?

A

Haemantin

40
Q

What is V factor?

A

NAD

41
Q

What antibiotics is h.influenza resistant to?

A

Intrinsically to beta lactams

42
Q

What is the treatment for respiratory h.influenza?

A

Co-amoxiclav

43
Q

What is the treatment for invasive h.influenza?

A

Ceftriaxone

44
Q

Stages of whooping cough

A

Catarrhal
Paroxysmal
Convalescent

45
Q

Appearance of bordetella pertussis

A

Small gram negative coccobacillus

46
Q

What agar does pertussis grow on?

A

Charcoal

47
Q

What is the treatment of pertussis?

A

Macrolide in catarrhal stage can eliminate it

48
Q

Appearance of legionella

A

Non-capsuled gram negative bacillus

49
Q

What agar is legionella grown on?

A

BCYE

50
Q

Treatment of legionella

A

Macrolide

51
Q

How are spirochaetes diagnosed in the lab?

A

Fluorescent microscopy
PCR
Serology

52
Q

What is the difference in the use of non-treponemal and treponemal tests?

A

Non-treponemal used to monitor treatment response and detect reinfection
Treponemal detects whether there has ever been an active infection

53
Q

What is the treatment for syphilis/lyme disease/leptospirosis?

A

Penicillin

Doxycycline if allergic

54
Q

What is the treatment for neuroborreliosis?

A

Ceftriaxone

55
Q

What serovars of chlamydia cause what diseases?

A

A-C: trachoma
D-K: inclusion conjunctivitis, neonatal pneumonia, STI
L: lymphogranuloma venerum

56
Q

What disease is caused by rickettsia rickettsii?

A

Rocky mountain spotted fever

57
Q

Appearance of rickettsia

A

Gram negative

Obligate intracellular

58
Q

What reaction is seen in serology for rickettsia?

A

Weil-Felix

59
Q

What is the treatment for rickettsia?

A

Doxycycline

60
Q

What disease is caused by coxiella?

A

Q fever

61
Q

What is the most common manifestation of chronic coxiella?

A

Culture negative endocarditis

62
Q

What are the subtypes of the mycoplasma species?

A

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Mycoplasma hominis and ureaplasma urealyticum

63
Q

What is the treatment of mycoplasma species?

A

Doxycycline

Macrolides for pneumonia

64
Q

Appearance of corynebacteria

A

Gram positive bacilli in chinese letter shapes

65
Q

What agar is used for diphtheria?

A

Tellurite

Loeffler’s

66
Q

What test is used to test the toxicity of diphtheria?

A

Elek test

FIM (44 decks)

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