2. Bacterial Morphology and Physiology

Question 1

What plays an important role in energy production in a bacterial cell?

Answer 1

Cytoplasmic membrane

Question 2

What is only seen in gram negative bacteria?

Answer 2

An outer membrane

Question 3

What is the function of outer membrane porin proteins?

Answer 3

Transport of nutrients and other molecules across the cell membrane

Question 4

What bacteria is gram positive and in clusters?

Answer 4

Staphylococcus epidermis

Question 5

What bacteria is gram positive and in long chains?

Answer 5

Streptococcus pyogenes

Question 6

Which bacteria is gram negative cocci in pairs?

Answer 6

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Question 7

Which bacteria is a spirochaete?

Answer 7

Treponema pallidum

Question 8

What bacteria is characteristically curved?

Answer 8

vibrio cholerae

Question 9

What gram negative bacillus is common found in the human GIT?

Answer 9

E.coli

Question 10

What kind of bacteria is associated with slime?

Answer 10

coagulase-negative staphylococci

Question 11

Which genera are associated with endospore formation?

Answer 11

Bacillus

Clostridium

Question 12

Some gram negative bacteria can form spores. True or false?

Answer 12

False

Question 13

Penicillin and cephalosporin antibiotics disrupt the synthesis of peptidoglycan. Is this statement True or False?

Answer 13

True

Question 14

What helps bacterial cells to adhere to human cells?

Answer 14

Common pillus

Question 15

What type of bacteria grows best at low levels of oxygen?

Answer 15

Microaerophiles

Question 16

What is bacterial morphology?

Answer 16

The bacterial shape and structure

Question 17

What defines a prokaryote?

Answer 17

Has no membrane bound organelles

Question 18

What are the 4 agents used in gram staining?

Answer 18

Crystal violet
Iodine
Ethanol
Neutral red

Question 19

What colour do gram positive cells stain?

Answer 19

Purple

Question 20

Why is neutral red taken up by gram negative cells?

Answer 20

The high lipid content in the outer membrane is extracted by the ethanol, and the membrane becomes porous
This allows neutral red to be taken up

Question 21

What stain is used for mycobacteria like TB?

Answer 21

Ziehl-Neelsen

Question 22

What are plasmids?

Answer 22

Circles of mobile DNA

Question 23

What are the functions of the cytoplasmic membrane?

Answer 23

Osmotic barrier
Energy production
Transport
Make a new cell wall
Anchor the chromosome

Question 24

What method of energy production is used by bacteria?

Answer 24

Oxidative phosphorylation

Question 25

What polysaccharide is a major component of the bacterial cell wall?

Answer 25

Peptidoglycans

Question 26

Which stain group has many peptidoglycan layers?

Answer 26

Gram positive

Question 27

What part of the cell contains antigens?

Answer 27

Cell wall

Question 28

How does penicillin work?

Answer 28

Disrupts peptidoglycan synthesis

Question 29

What type of bond links peptidoglycans?

Answer 29

B1,4 glycosidic bond

Question 30

What component of the outer membrane is also called an endotoxin?

Answer 30

Lipopolysaccharide

Question 31

What extends out of the gram positive envelope?

Answer 31

Techoic and lipotechoic acids

Question 32

What is responsible for gram positive sepsis?

Answer 32

Techoic acid

Question 33

What is the composition of the gram negative envelope?

Answer 33

Phospholipid-lipopolysaccharide bilayer

Question 34

Which protein anchors the cell wall to the outer membrane?

Answer 34

Braun's protein

Question 35

What is the name given to a bacterium with a single flagellum?

Answer 35

Monotrichous

Question 36

What is the name given to a bacterium with many flagellae on either side?

Answer 36

Lophotrichous

Question 37

What is the name given to a bacterium with one flagellum on each side?

Answer 37

Amphitrichous

Question 38

What is the name given to a bacterium which is covered in flagellae?

Answer 38

Peritrichous

Question 39

What type of pillus is used for plasmid transfer?

Answer 39

Conjugative

Question 40

What surrounds a spore?

Answer 40

Peptidoglycan-rich layer and a keratin-like coat

Question 41

What are the 4 growth phases?

Answer 41

Lag Log Stationary Decline

Question 42

Terminal electron acceptor in anaerobic respiration

Answer 42

Oxidised inorganic compounds

Question 43

Terminal electron acceptor fermentation

Answer 43

Organic acids

Question 44

What are obligate anaerobes sensitive to?

Answer 44

Superoxide radicals as they lack superoxide dismutase

Question 45

What are the products of fermentation?

Answer 45

Ethanol Acetic acid Butyric acid