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FIM > 2. Bacterial Morphology and Physiology > Flashcards

2. Bacterial Morphology and Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

What plays an important role in energy production in a bacterial cell?

A

Cytoplasmic membrane

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2
Q

What is only seen in gram negative bacteria?

A

An outer membrane

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3
Q

What is the function of outer membrane porin proteins?

A

Transport of nutrients and other molecules across the cell membrane

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4
Q

What bacteria is gram positive and in clusters?

A

Staphylococcus epidermis

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5
Q

What bacteria is gram positive and in long chains?

A

Streptococcus pyogenes

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6
Q

Which bacteria is gram negative cocci in pairs?

A

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

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7
Q

Which bacteria is a spirochaete?

A

Treponema pallidum

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8
Q

What bacteria is characteristically curved?

A

vibrio cholerae

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9
Q

What gram negative bacillus is common found in the human GIT?

A

E.coli

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10
Q

What kind of bacteria is associated with slime?

A

coagulase-negative staphylococci

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11
Q

Which genera are associated with endospore formation?

A

Bacillus

Clostridium

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12
Q

Some gram negative bacteria can form spores. True or false?

A

False

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13
Q

Penicillin and cephalosporin antibiotics disrupt the synthesis of peptidoglycan. Is this statement True or False?

A

True

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14
Q

What helps bacterial cells to adhere to human cells?

A

Common pillus

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15
Q

What type of bacteria grows best at low levels of oxygen?

A

Microaerophiles

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16
Q

What is bacterial morphology?

A

The bacterial shape and structure

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17
Q

What defines a prokaryote?

A

Has no membrane bound organelles

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18
Q

What are the 4 agents used in gram staining?

A

Crystal violet
Iodine
Ethanol
Neutral red

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19
Q

What colour do gram positive cells stain?

A

Purple

20
Q

Why is neutral red taken up by gram negative cells?

A

The high lipid content in the outer membrane is extracted by the ethanol, and the membrane becomes porous
This allows neutral red to be taken up

21
Q

What stain is used for mycobacteria like TB?

A

Ziehl-Neelsen

22
Q

What are plasmids?

A

Circles of mobile DNA

23
Q

What are the functions of the cytoplasmic membrane?

A 
Osmotic barrier
Energy production
Transport
Make a new cell wall
Anchor the chromosome
24
Q

What method of energy production is used by bacteria?

A

Oxidative phosphorylation

25
Q

What polysaccharide is a major component of the bacterial cell wall?

A

Peptidoglycans

26
Q

Which stain group has many peptidoglycan layers?

A

Gram positive

27
Q

What part of the cell contains antigens?

A

Cell wall

28
Q

How does penicillin work?

A

Disrupts peptidoglycan synthesis

29
Q

What type of bond links peptidoglycans?

A

B1,4 glycosidic bond

30
Q

What component of the outer membrane is also called an endotoxin?

A

Lipopolysaccharide

31
Q

What extends out of the gram positive envelope?

A

Techoic and lipotechoic acids

32
Q

What is responsible for gram positive sepsis?

A

Techoic acid

33
Q

What is the composition of the gram negative envelope?

A

Phospholipid-lipopolysaccharide bilayer

34
Q

Which protein anchors the cell wall to the outer membrane?

A

Braun’s protein

35
Q

What is the name given to a bacterium with a single flagellum?

A

Monotrichous

36
Q

What is the name given to a bacterium with many flagellae on either side?

A

Lophotrichous

37
Q

What is the name given to a bacterium with one flagellum on each side?

A

Amphitrichous

38
Q

What is the name given to a bacterium which is covered in flagellae?

A

Peritrichous

39
Q

What type of pillus is used for plasmid transfer?

A

Conjugative

40
Q

What surrounds a spore?

A

Peptidoglycan-rich layer and a keratin-like coat

41
Q

What are the 4 growth phases?

A

Lag
Log
Stationary
Decline

42
Q

Terminal electron acceptor in anaerobic respiration

A

Oxidised inorganic compounds

43
Q

Terminal electron acceptor fermentation

A

Organic acids

44
Q

What are obligate anaerobes sensitive to?

A

Superoxide radicals as they lack superoxide dismutase

45
Q

What are the products of fermentation?

A

Ethanol
Acetic acid
Butyric acid

FIM (44 decks)

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