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FIM > 27. Resistant Bacteria > Flashcards

27. Resistant Bacteria Flashcards

1
Q

What is the method of resistance of penicillin resistant pneumococci?

A

Modified PBP structure

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2
Q

What infections are associated with penicillin resistant pneumococci?

A

Community acquired pneumonia
BSI
Meningits

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3
Q

What are the lab results for penicillin resistant pneumococci?

A 
Catalase negative
Oxidase negative
Gram + diplococcus
alpha haemolytic
optochin susceptible
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4
Q

What antibiotics might penicillin resistant pneumococci have cross resistance to?

A

Cephalosporins
Clarithromycin
Tetracyclines
Co-trimoxazole

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5
Q

What should penicillin resistant pneumococci be treated with?

A

Vancomycin and cephalosporins

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6
Q

How does resistance arise in penicillin resistant pneumococci?

A

Acquisition of genes/transposons

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7
Q

How can penicillin resistant pneumococci infections be prevented?

A

23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine

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8
Q

What infections are caused by MRSA?

A

SSI
Device related
BSI
Cellulitis

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9
Q

What are the lab results of MRSA?

A

Gram + cocci in clusters
Coagulase and catalase +
Ferments manitol

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10
Q

What is the resistance mechanism of MRSA?

A

Target site modification of PBP

Associated with mecA gene on chromosome

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11
Q

What other antibiotics might MRSA be resistant to?

A

Erythromycin (macrolide)
Gentamicin (aminoglycoside)
Ciproflaxin (quinolone)

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12
Q

What agents can MRSA be treated with?

A

Glycopeptides
Linezolid
Daptomycin
Tigecycline

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13
Q

How is MRSA infection prevented?

A

By standard precautions and decolonisation

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14
Q

What does VRE stand for?

A

Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci

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15
Q

Where are VREs found?

A

Enteric tract

Vagina

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16
Q

What infections can be caused by VRE?

A 
UTIs
BSIs
Central line infections
Peritonitis
SSIs
17
Q

What are the lab results for VRE?

A 
Gram + cocci in short chains
Oxidase positive
Catalase negative
Haemolytic growth patterns
Magenta on McConkey agar
18
Q

What resistance is given by the vanA gene?

A

Resistance to vancomycin and teicoplanin

19
Q

What resistance is given by the vanB gene?

A

Vancomycin

20
Q

What is the mechanism of resistance in VREs?

A

Alteration of AA side chains in peptidoglycan cell wall

21
Q

What factor can predispose to a VRE infection?

A

Prior administration of cephalosporins, macrolides, fluoroquinones

22
Q

How is VRE treated?

A

Linezolid

23
Q

What is ESBL?

A

Extended spectrum Beta Lactamase

24
Q

Name 3 bacteria that produce EBSL

A

E.coli
Klebsiella
Proteus

25
Q

What agar are EBSL producers cultured on?

A

MacConkey

26
Q

What infections are caused by EBSL producers?

A

UTI
Intra-abdominal
SSI

27
Q

How is EBSL acquired?

A

Plasmids

28
Q

What antibiotic should be prescribed for severe ESBL producer infections?

A

Meropenem (carbapenem)

29
Q

What antibiotic can be given for uncomplicated ESBL cystitis?

A

Nitrofuratoin

30
Q

What antibiotics can be used to treat ESBL producers, depending on the MIC?

A

Gentamicin
Amikacin
Ciproflaxin

31
Q

What is the mechanism of action of colistin?

A

Binds to LPS and phospholids on the outer membrane of gram -

32
Q

What infections is colistin used in?

A

HCAIs

CF lung infections

33
Q

What treatment can be used for carbapenemase-producing enterbacteriacae?

A

Tigecycline
Colistin
Fosfomycin

34
Q

How was glycopeptide resistant staph aureus created?

A

Transfer of van genes from VRE to MRSA

35
Q

What infections are caused by GRSA

A

Central line
BSI
Ventilator associated pneumonia
SSI

36
Q

how is GRSA treated?

A

Linezolid

FIM (44 decks)

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