10. Enteric Gram Negative Bacteria

Question 1

Which microbes are part of the normal flora of the intestine?

Answer 1

E.coli
Klebsiella
Proteus

Question 2

Where is the H antigen found?

Answer 2

Flagella

Question 3

Where is the K antigen found?

Answer 3

Caspule

Question 4

What is the O antigen also known as?

Answer 4

LPS

Question 5

What arrangement of flagellae do most enterbacterales have?

Answer 5

Peritrichous

Question 6

What gram staining do enterbacterales have?

Answer 6

Gram -

Question 7

What agar do enterbacterales grow on?

Answer 7

Non-selective and selective

Question 8

What is the optimal temperature for enterbacterales?

Answer 8

35-37C

Question 9

What are the symptoms of UTIs?

Answer 9

Suprapubic pain
Flank pain
Dysuria
Frequency
Urgency
Nocturia

Question 10

What bacteria is the most common cause of UTIs?

Answer 10

E.coli

Question 11

What infections are caused by E.coli?

Answer 11

UTIs
Intra-abdominal
Neonatal meningitis
BSI
Gastroenteritis

Question 12

What strain of E.coli is also known as traveller’s diarrhoea?

Answer 12

Enterotoxigenic E.coli

Question 13

What toxin is produced by enterotoxigenic E.coli?

Answer 13

Heat labile toxin

Question 14

What symptoms does an enterotoxigenic E.coli infection have?

Answer 14

Non blood diarrhoea
Fever
Nausea

Question 15

How can you get a verocytoxic E.coli infection?

Answer 15

Contaminated food
Animals
Other infected people

Question 16

What antigens does verocytoxic E.coli have?

Answer 16

O

H

Question 17

What toxin is produced by verocytoxic E.coli?

Answer 17

Shiga toxin

Question 18

What are the symptoms of a verocytoxic E.coli infection?

Answer 18

Bloody diarrhoea

vomiting

Question 19

What anti-biotic treatment should be given for a verocytoxic E.coli infection?

Answer 19

None!

Antibiotics increase toxin production

Question 20

What are the lab results of E.coli?

Answer 20

Faculative anaerobe
Lactose fermenting
Oxidase negative

Question 21

What is the treatment for entertoxigenic E.coli?

Answer 21

Co-amoxiclav

Cefuroxamine

Question 22

What is the treatment for an E.coli UTI?

Answer 22

Trimethoprim

Question 23

What antibiotic resistance might E.coli have?

Answer 23

ESBL

Question 24

What infections are caused by klebsiella?

Answer 24

Commonly HCAIs
Pneumonia
UTI
Intra-abdominal
BSI

Question 25

What group of people can be affected by klebsiella pneumoniae?

Answer 25

Alcoholics

Question 26

How does klebsiella pneumoniae present?

Answer 26

Red currant jelly sputum

Question 27

What isolation precautions should be taken for a patient with klebsiella?

Answer 27

Contact isolation

Question 28

What are the lab results of klebsiella?

Answer 28

Faculative Mucoid lactose fermenting Oxidase negative

Question 29

What antibiotic resistance might klebsiella have?

Answer 29

EBSL | Carbapenemase

Question 30

what is the treatment for klebsiella?

Answer 30

Beta lactams Quinolones Aminoglycosidases

Question 31

What does EBSL stand for?

Answer 31

Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactam

Question 32

Which antibiotics does EBSL cause resistance for?

Answer 32

Penicillin Cephalosporins Monobactams

Question 33

How is carbapenemase resistance caused?

Answer 33

Secondary resistance mechanism to EBSL | Plasmid acquisition of beta-lactamase which hydrolyses carbapenems

Question 34

What infections are cause by proteus?

Answer 34

UTI Intra-abdominal BSI

Question 35

What complication can happen with proteus UTIs?

Answer 35

Production of urease causes depositions of magnesium ammonium phosphate stones in the kidneys

Question 36

What are the lab results of proteus?

Answer 36

Swarming appearance on blood Non-lactose fermenting Oxidase negative

Question 37

Where in the hospital is there commonly pseudomonas?

Answer 37

Sinks

Question 38

What infections can be caused by pseudomonas?

Answer 38

Eyes Wounds Pulmonary UTI

Question 39

What are the lab results for pseudomonas?

Answer 39

``` Mucoid Non-lactose fermenting Oxidase positive Strict aerobe Produces pigments ```

Question 40

Why is it difficult to treat pseudomonas infections?

Answer 40

Intrinsically resistant to many antibiotics

Question 41

What antibiotics can be used to treat pseudomonas?

Answer 41

``` Piperacillin-tazobactam Ceftazidine Ciproflaxin Aminoglycosidases Carbapenems ```